- Penggunaan panel surya di Indonesia masih sedikit, hanya sekitar 0,1%.
- Indonesia sebagai negara tropis yang terletak di garis khatulistiwa memiliki energi surya yang besar, terlebih di daerah Nusa Tenggara Timur, Riau, dan Sumatera Selatan.
- Semua pihak harus bekerjasama untuk memaksimalkan potensi yang dimiliki Indonesia.
Secara umum, penggunaan energi alternatif memang tidak banyak digalakkan di Indonesia. Baik pemerintah maupun masyarakat masih nyaman menggunakan bahan bakar fosil untuk kebutuhan sehari-hari, termasuk untuk menghasilkan listrik. 81% listrik di Indonesia berasal dari batu bara, minyak bumi, dan gas bumi. Hanya 19% yang berasal dari energi yang terbarukan. Padahal, pemanfaatan energi bersih bisa dimaksimalkan. Misalnya, saja energi surya sebagai sumber energi listrik yang besarnya hanya sekitar 0,1%. Panel surya nampaknya belum banyak dipertimbangkan sebagai teknologi pengkonversi energi ke listrik.
Sebagai negara tropis, Indonesia terpapar sinar matahari hampir sepanjang tahun. Bisa dibilang, Indonesia memiliki sumber energi surya yang melimpah. Lantas, apa yang menyebabkan kecilnya pemanfaatan energi surya di Indonesia?
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Minimnya penggunaan panel surya di Indonesia disebabkan oleh beberapa alasan. Salah satu alasannya adalah masalah finansial. Instalasi panel surya memakan biaya yang cukup besar. Ini membuat panel surya sulit diakses untuk sebagian masyarakat. Selain biaya pemasangan yang besar, biaya perawatan panel surya pun besar. Hal ini menyebabkan sebagian masyarakat Indonesia belum bisa beralih ke energi baru terbarukan dengan menggunakan panel surya.
Selain biaya, minimnya edukasi yang diberikan juga menyebabkan sedikitnya minat masyarakat terhadap penggunaan panel surya. Masyarakat yang tinggal di luar kota besar tidak banyak yang mengetahui manfaat dari penggunaan panel surya. Bahkan, sebagian mungkin belum mengetahui keberadaan panel surya yang bisa mengubah energi surya menjadi listrik. Ketidakmerataan informasi menjadi salah satu alasan kurang populernya penggunaan panel surya.
Bahkan, beberapa tahun lalu, instalasi panel surya untuk keperluan pribadi dibatasi. Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Surya (PLTS) atap hanya boleh menyediakan sekitar 10-15% dari total kapasitas listrik yang terpasang. Tentunya, hal ini membatasi masyarakat yang ingin mencoba beralih ke energi baru terbarukan. Beruntungnya, pembatasan ini sudah dihilangkan.
Potensi Energi Surya di Indonesia
Terlepas dari semua itu, Indonesia sebagai negara yang terletak di garis khatulistiwa memiliki keuntungan tersendiri. Indonesia dikaruniai dengan sinar matahari yang berlimpah sepanjang tahun, sehingga memiliki potensi besar untuk memanfaatkan energi surya sebagai alternatif sumber energi. Dengan intensitas harian matahari yang mencapai 4,8 kWh/m2, Indonesia mampu menghasilkan listrik sebesar 207,8 GWp. Dengan besarnya energi yang dihasilkan, penggunaan panel surya merupakan salah satu pilihan yang tepat dan berkelanjutan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan energi nasional.
Dari seluruh wilayah di Indonesia, Nusa Tenggara Timur, Riau, dan Sumatera Selatan memiliki potensi yang besar. Ketiga daerah ini unggul dalam hal tingkat sinar matahari yang diterima setiap harinya. Namun, meskipun ketiga daerah ini memiliki potensi yang menonjol, wilayah lain di Indonesia juga tetap mampu menyediakan dan memasok listrik dari energi surya. Dengan demikian, seluruh wilayah di Indonesia memiliki potensi yang besar dan sepatutnya dimaksimalkan untuk pemanfaatan energi surya.
Melihat potensi yang dimiliki Indonesia, sudah sepatutnya penggunaan panel surya lebih ditingkatkan lagi. Pemerintah perlu memaksimalkan usaha agar potensi energi surya yang besar ini bisa dimanfaatkan dengan baik. Langkah-langkah seperti membuka Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Surya (PLTS) baru, memberikan insentif bagi masyarakat yang memasang panel surya, serta menyebarkan informasi mengenai manfaat panel surya sebagai alternatif energi ramah lingkungan, bisa menjadi bagian dari strategi tersebut.
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Masa Depan Energi Surya sebagai Alternatif Berkelanjutan di Indonesia
Melihat potensi yang dimiliki Indonesia, sudah sepatutnya penggunaan panel surya lebih ditingkatkan lagi. Pemerintah perlu memaksimalkan usaha agar potensi energi surya yang besar ini bisa dimanfaatkan secara baik. Langkah-langkah seperti membuka PLTS baru, memberikan subsidi bagi masyarakat, dan menyebarkan informasi mengenai panel surya sebagai alternatif energi ramah lingkungan dapat dilakukan. Dengan usaha-usaha ini, masyarakat nantinya akan terdorong untuk berpartisipasi dengan memasang panel surya atap di rumah mereka.
Peran sektor swasta juga tidak kalah penting. Perusahaan swasta perlu diajak berkontribusi dalam pengembangan dan pemanfaatan energi surya. Kolaborasi antara pemerintah dan sektor swasta sangat diperlukan untuk memperluas penggunaan panel surya di Indonesia. Perusahaan swasta dapat berperan dalam hal inovasi teknologi, pendanaan, dan implementasi proyek-proyek energi surya. Dengan demikian, penggunaan panel surya dapat semakin luas dan efektif.
Kolaborasi yang kuat antara pemerintah dan sektor swasta akan memastikan bahwa potensi energi surya di Indonesia dapat dimanfaatkan dengan maksimal. Selain itu, dengan partisipasi aktif dari kedua belah pihak, masyarakat akan semakin sadar akan manfaat penggunaan panel surya dan terdorong untuk beralih ke sumber energi yang lebih bersih dan berkelanjutan. Ini akan menjadi langkah besar menuju masa depan energi yang lebih hijau dan lebih baik bagi Indonesia.
#zonaebt #sebarterbarukan #ebtheroes
Editor: Savira Oktavia
Referensi
[1] Sumber Listrik dari Energi Terbarukan Masih Minim di Indonesia
[2] In decentralizing energy in Indonesia, future of solar power remains bright
[3] PLN Pastikan tak Membatasi Pemasangan PLTS Atap Oleh Pelanggan
[4] Daerah dengan Potensi Pemanfaatan Panel Surya Terbesar di Indonesia
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