![](https://zonaebt.com/wp-content/uploads/gambut-2.jpg)
- Hutan Rawa Gambut memiliki peran yang penting dalam penyerapan karbon di dunia.
- Gambut berfungsi sebagai pengatur hidrologi dan penjaga iklim global yang mampu menyerap karbon di atmosfer sebesar 35% dari total karbon di dunia.
- Hutan Rawa Gambut di Indonesia banyak mengalami alih fungsi lahan yang berdampak pada perubahan iklim di dunia.
- Hutan Rawa Gambut dapat dijaga dengan cara melakukan penanaman kembali, membuat batasan kanal, dan sosialisasi.
Sobat EBT Heroes, ternyata Hutan Rawa Gambut memiliki peran yang penting dalam hal penyimpanan karbon di dunia, loh! Hutan Rawa Gambut di Indonesia mampu menyerap dan menyimpan karbon dalam jumlah yang besar. Namun, seiring berjalannya waktu, Hutan Rawa Gambut di Indonesia banyak mengalami alih fungsi lahan untuk kegiatan pertanian, perkebunan, hutan produksi, dan lain sebagainya. Yuk, simak artikel berikut ini supaya kamu makin kenal dengan Hutan Rawa Gambut dan makin tahu Indonesia.
Hutan Rawa Gambut dan Penyerapan Karbon
![](https://zonaebt.com/wp-content/uploads/page1-1200px-Carbon_Cycle_in_Peatlands.pdf-1.jpg)
Hutan Rawa Gambut merupakan ekosistem hutan yang terbentuk secara alami dari sisa-sisa tumbuhan yang terdekomposisi dan terkumpul pada daerah rawa atau genangan air. Gambut memiliki fungsi sebagai pengatur hidrologi. Pada saat musim hujan, gambut akan menampung dan menyerap air yang kemudian akan dikeluarkan pada saat musim kemarau untuk menjaga keseimbangan ekosistem. Selain sebagai pengatur hidrologi, gambut juga berperan dalam menjaga iklim global.
Gambut memiliki peran dalam penyerapan karbon di atmosfer. Gambut menyerap karbon melalui proses fotosintesis dan melepasnya melalui proses respirasi. Karbon yang disimpan dalam lahan gambut memiliki jumlah yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan tanah mineral. Menurut Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup, gambut memiliki kandungan unsur karbon (C) yang sangat besar. Karbon yang tersimpan dalam bentuk gambut di seluruh dunia adalah sebesar 329 – 525 Gt atau sekitar 35% dari total karbon di dunia.
Luasan lahan gambut di Indonesia menduduki peringkat ke-4 di dunia setelah Kanada (170 juta ha), Rusia (150 juta ha), dan Amerika Serikat (40 juta ha). Lahan gambut di Indonesia memiliki luas sekitar 17 – 27 juta ha yang tersebar di pulau Sumatra, Kalimantan, Papua, dan sebagian wilayah Pulau Sulawesi. Lahan gambut di Indonesia mampu menyerap dan menyimpan karbon sekitar 46 Gt atau sekitar 8-14% dari total karbon di dunia. Namun, sayangnya Hutan Rawa Gambut di Indonesia sudah mulai beralih fungsi untuk kegiatan pertanian, perkebunan, hutan produksi, dan lain sebagainya.
Baca juga
- Seberapa Karbon Berdasarkan Tipe Hutan: Dari Mangrove hingga Hutan Rawa
- Melawan Perubahan Iklim: Peran Penting Hutan dalam Penyerapan Karbon
Alih Fungsi Lahan
![](https://zonaebt.com/wp-content/uploads/Picture1-1.png)
Sebanyak kurang lebih 3,72 juta hektar lahan gambut di Indonesia sudah mengalami pengolahan, dan sedikitnya 500.000 hektar sudah dialihfungsikan menjadi lahan pertanian. Hal tersebut disebabkan lahan gambut memiliki potensi yang cukup besar untuk kegiatan pertanian karena produktivitasnya yang tidak selalu rendah. Kegiatan alih fungsi lahan menjadi lahan pertanian meliputi kegiatan pembuatan drainase dan pembukaan lahan (land clearing) berupa penebangan pohon, pembakaran, dan penyiapan lahan untuk pertanaman.
Alih fungsi lahan yang dilakukan memberikan dampak yang besar terhadap lingkungan, yaitu berubahnya fungsi lahan gambut sebagai penampung karbon (carbon sink) menjadi sumber karbon (carbon source). Alih fungsi lahan gambut akan menyebabkan kehilangan karbon tanah dan pelepasan karbon ke atmosfer dalam jumlah yang besar. Apabila ekosistem gambut mengalami kerusakan atau terbakar, maka akan terjadi penguraian materi gambut dan menghasilkan gas rumah kaca, seperti CO2, N2O, dan CH4 yang terlepas ke udara dan berpengaruh pada perubahan iklim.
Sebagai contoh, industri kelapa sawit yang terus berkembang di Indonesia. Pengembangan kelapa sawit pada lahan gambut di Indonesia telah mencapai lebih dari 1,7 hektar dari total luasan lahan gambut di Indonesia. Dalam praktiknya, tidak mustahil jika pembukaan lahan dilakukan dengan cara yang negatif, seperti pembakaran hutan gambut. Pembakaran hutan yang dilakukan dapat meningkatkan emisi karbon yang berakibat pada meningkatnya intensitas efek gas rumah kaca pada atmosfer.
Baca juga
- Kebakaran Hutan Kalimantan Barat Hasilkan Emisi Karbon Terbanyak di Indonesia
- Hasilkan Banyak Emisi Karbon, Shell Dikecam Penggiat Iklim
Cara Menjaga dan Melindungi Hutan Rawa Gambut
Sobat EBT Heroes, lalu bagaimana cara untuk menjaga dan melindungi Hutan Rawa Gambut yang masih tersisa? Berikut merupakan beberapa cara yang bisa Sobat EBT Heroes lakukan:
- Melakukan penanaman kembali hutan gambut yang sudah terdegradasi
- Membuat batasan antara kanal yang dibuat oleh perusahaan-perusahaan dengan lahan gambut supaya lahan tetap basah.
- Melakukan sosialisasi kepada masyarakat tentang bahaya nya kerusakan lahan gambut.
#zonaebt #EBTHeroes #Sebarterbarukan
Referensi:
[1] Alih Fungsi Hutan Menjadi Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit serta Kaitannya dengan Climate Change
[2] Ini Cara yang Bisa Kita Lakukan Untuk Melindungi, Menjaga, dan Memelihara Lahan Gambut
[3] Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup
[4] Nusantara, R.W., Sudarmadji, T.S. Djohan & E. Haryono. (2012). Karakteristik Fisik Lahan Akibat Alih Fungsi Lahan Hutan Rawa Gambut. J. Perkebunan & Lahan Tropika, 2(2): 58-70.
[5] Potensi Penyerapan Karbon Pertanian di Lahan Gambut
[6] Wibowo, Ari. (2010). Konversi Hutan Menjadi Tanaman Kelapa Sawit Pada Lahan Gambut: Implikasi Perubahan Iklim dan Kebijakan. Jurnal Penelitian Sosial dan Ekonomi Kehutanan, 7(4): 251-260.
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