- Energi panas bumi terbesar kedua setelah Amerika Serikat yaitu Indonesia.
- Pulau Sumatera menjadi daerah yang memiliki potensi panas bumi terbesar dengan mencapai 9,67 gigawatt (GW), Pulau Jawa memiliki potensi 8,10 GW, Sulawesi memiliki potensi 3,06 GW. Selanjutnya, Nusa Tenggara memiliki potensi 1,36 GW, Maluku memiliki potensi 1,15 GW, Bali 335 MW, Kalimantan 182 MW, dan Papua 75 MW.
Pengembangan Energi Panas Bumi di Indonesia
Sejalan dengan langkah pemerintah dalam mempercepat pengembangan , PGE atau Pertamina Geothermal Energy mengembangkan fasilitas dan infrastruktur untuk mengalirkan uap panas ke pembangkit listrik. Saat ini, PGE sedang menjalankan proyek pengembangan di tiga WKP, yaitu Hululais, Lumut Balai (unit II), dan Sungai Penuh.
Dalam 10 tahun ke depan, PGE menargetkan dapat meningkatkan kapasitas terpasang energi bersih yang bersumber dari panas bumi hingga dua kali lipat lebih dari yang saat ini dioperasikan oleh PGE, ujar Presiden Direktur PGE Ahmad Yuniarto melalui keterangan tertulis yang diterima di Jakarta, Rabu.
PGE menargetkan dapat meningkatkan kapasitas terpasang yang dikelola langsung PGE menjadi 1.272 megawatt pada 2027. PGE memiliki proyek pengembangan lokasi yang tersebar hampir di seluruh Indonesia. Pulau Sumatera menjadi daerah yang memiliki potensi terbesar dengan mencapai 9,67 gigawatt, Jawa 8,10 GW, Sulawesi 3,06 GW. Selanjutnya, Nusa Tenggara 1,36 GW, Maluku 1,15 GW, Bali 335 MW, Kalimantan 182 MW, dan Papua 75 MW.
Pengembangan Energi Panas Bumi di Berbagai Negara
Potensi besar dan keuntungannya menjadikannya energi masa depan yang menjanjikan. Di tengah prediksi pengembangan kapasitas tenaga listrik yang cukup optimistis tersebut, beberapa negara memang cukup berfokus dalam mengembangkan PLTP hingga menjadi negara yang memiliki kapasitas terpasang PLTP yang cukup tinggi. Berikut daftar lima negara yang memiliki kapasitas terpasang PLTP tertinggi di dunia sebagaimana dilansir dari Think Geoenergy.
Baca Juga
Potensi Bus Listrik sebagai Kendaraan Ramah Lingkungan di Indonesia
Kenali Perusahaan Transportasi Legenda, Bluebird!
1.Amerika
Energi panas bumi sendiri sebenarnya sudah lama diterapkan di Amerika Serikat, yakni sekitar tahun 1960. Hal tersebut terbukti dengan adanya pembangkit listrik di The Geyser, California yang berhasil menyuplai tenaga listrik hingga 11 Mega Watt (MW). Rupanya, pemerintah Amerika Serikat benar-benar mengelola potensi yang ada dengan sangat baik. Puluhan industri PLTP dan energi terbarukan lainnya mulai tersebar di wilayah negara bagian.
Beberapa di antaranya, bahkan termasuk ke dalam kategori mega proyek. Pada tahun 2019, Badan Administrasi Informasi Energi milik Amerika mempublikasikan hasil yang cukup memuaskan. Proyek tersebut kini dapat menyuplai tenaga listrik hingga 22% dan penggunaan bahan bakar batubara yang terus mengalami penurunan.
2.Filipina
Filipina merupakan produsen panas bumi terbesar ketiga setelah Amerika Serikat dan Meksiko. Eksplorasi panas bumi dimulai pada tahun 1962, dan pembangkit listrik komersial besar pertama mulai beroperasi pada tahun 1979 di dua ladang. Kemudian di tahun 1984, empat ladang mempunyai kapasitas terpasang gabungan sebesar 890 MWe dan pembangkit listrik tersebut memasok sekitar 20% kebutuhan listrik negara.
Pengembangan dimulai pada pertengahan tahun 1970-an dkarenakan krisis minyak dan permintaan listrik yang meningkat pesat, kemudian dukungan pemerintah semakin nyata, pendanaan asing yang tersedia, dan kombinasi investasi swasta dan pemerintah serta keahlian teknis.
Namun, tidak ada penambahan kapasitas panas bumi baru sejak tahun 1984, meskipun permintaan energi meningkat dan ketidakpastian pasokan minyak mentah terus berlanjut. Kapasitas pada negara Filipina diperkirakan akan meningkat sebesar 270–1.100 MWe pada akhir tahun 1999.
Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi laju pertumbuhan dalam dekade ini termasuk undang-undang yang sesuai, persyaratan lingkungan hidup, pembiayaan, tingkat keterlibatan swasta, politik, listrik antar pulau. koneksi jaringan listrik, dan kelangsungan prospek yang tersisa.
Baca Juga
Hutan Karbon Primer, Solusi Serapan Emisi Dunia
Dampak Positif Bisnis Energi Terbarukan di Indonesia
3.Turki
Saat ini, Turki merupakan negara dengan kapasitas terpasang panas bumi terbesar keempat di dunia. Sektor energi terbarukan telah berkembang pesat di Turki selama beberapa tahun terakhir yang menggunakan panas bawah tanah untuk menggerakkan turbin pembangkit listrik, dapat menyediakan energi rendah karbon untuk mendorong pertumbuhan ekonomi.
Merujuk data Kementerian Energi dan Sumber Daya Alam Turki yang dikutip dari Anatolian Agency, kapasitas terpasang pembangkit listrik tenaga panas bumi di negara tersebut mencapai 1.691 MW.
Meski demikian, tingkat konsumsi energi per kapita Turki saat ini hanya mencapai sekitar 3,8 MW per tahun, yang masih jauh di bawah standar Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) sebesar 8 MW per tahun. Hal ini mengindikasikan bahwa potensi pemanfaatan energi panas bumi di Turki masih belum sepenuhnya tergali.
Pemanfaatan energi terbarukan menjadi sangat penting dilakukan karena hal ini terkait dengan tuntutan global. Energi terbarukan memiliki dampak yang baik bagi ekonomi dan lingkungan. Pengelolaan sumber daya dari bumi merupakan energi terbarukan yang ramah lingkungan sehingga pemanfaatannya bisa berkelanjutan. Indonesia sendiri mempunyai 40% potensi cadangan di dunia.
Referensi
Kementrian Energi dan Sumber Daya Mineral RI
Pertamina Gheothermal Energi Tbk
Editor: Nadia Istkomatuz Zulfa
#ZonaEBT #SebarTerbarukan #EBTHeroes
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