- Pembuat roti di Islandia memiliki tradisi yang unik, dimana masyarakatnya memanggang roti gandum di dalam tanah
- Sebelum abad ke-20, masyarakat belum memiliki oven. Sehingga kegiatan memasaknya sangat bergantung dengan panas bumi
- Rugbraud tidak memerlukan gula dan ragi tambahan karena proses pemasakkannya lambat dan suhunya konstan
Hampir setiap hari, para pembuat roti di Islandia berjalan menuju sumber panas bumi terdekat disekitar mereka. Bukan semata-mata untuk bersantai atau menghangatkan tubuh, tetapi, mereka akan menggali lubang di atas tanah tepat di bawah sumber panas bumi. Lubang tersebut akan di fungsikan sebagai “oven” untuk adonan-adonan roti mereka. Roti tradisional tersebut dikenal dengan sebutan Rugbraud. Roti ini merupakan roti istimewa karena proses pembuatannya yang unik.
Mengutip dari Food NDTV, sebuah daerah di Islandia bernama Laugarvatn telah terkenal akan tradisi unik masyarakatnya yang memanggang roti di dalam tanah. Bahkan, tradisi ini dipercaya telah ada sejak berabad-abad lalu, dan menjadi sebuah kebiasaan turun-temurun masyarakat di daerah tersebut. Laugarvatn, dikenal memiliki danau dengan sumber mata air panas hingga 100 derajat celsius. Karena itu, alih-alih menggunakan oven untuk memanggang sebuah roti, masyarakat di tempat tersebut terbiasa menggunakan media tanahnya.
Sejarah Singkat Rúgbraud
Selama bertahun-tahun Rúgbraud telah menjadi roti yang paling populer di Islandia. Bahan dasar dari pembuatan roti tersebut adalah gandum hitam, dan pada saat itu gandum hitam memiliki kisaran harga yang relatif murah. Rúgbraud juga tidak membutuhkan gula dan ragi dalam pembuatannya, membuat roti ini menjadi roti yang dapat dikonsumsi oleh setiap kalangan.
Dan jangan salah mengira, walaupun Rúgbraud tidak menggunakan gula dan pengembang, rasanya tetap manis dan tekturnya pun juga kenyal. Hal ini dikarenakan tempo pemasakannya lama dan dengan suhu yang konstan, sehingga membuat kandungan patinya akan terpecah sempurna dan mengeluarkan manis yang alami.
Baca Juga
- Energi Panas Bumi dan Potensinya di Sumatera Barat
- Pecinta Kopi, Sudah Tahu Belum? Indonesia punya Geothermal Coffee Process
Kenapa Menggunakan Panas Bumi?
Sebelum memasuki abad ke-20 penduduk disana belum memiliki oven untuk memanggang roti. Islandia juga merupakan wilayah yang dikelilingi oleh sumber panas bumi yang melimpah. Oleh karena itu, penduduk setempat memanfaatkan sumber panas bumi untuk kelangsungan hidup mereka setiap harinya.
Resep dan Cara Pembuatan
Walaupun roti gandum hitam ini sudah mulai banyak dijual di supermarket yang ada di wilayah sekitar nordic, namun, sulit untuk membeli roti gandum hitam diluar wilayah tersebut. Jadi, jika ingin mencoba membuatnya sendiri, berikut adalah resep dan cara pembuatan Rúgbraud. Dilansir dari laman danish food lovers, resep membuat Rúgbraud terdiri dari:
1. Gandum hitam segar
2. Fresh yeast
3. Garam
4. Sourdough
5. Tepung gandum
Cara pembuatan :
1. Rebus biji gandum hitam terlebih dahulu hingga melunak
2. Sembari menunggu, campurkan fresh yeast dengan air. Kemudian campurkan campuran tersebut dengan tepung gandum
3. Selanjutnya, siapkan wadah besar, lalu masukkan setiap bahan (Sourdough, campuran yeast, air dan tepung gandum dan gandum hitam lunak) ke dalam wadah besar menjadi satu. Lalu, uleni semua adonan dengan mixer.
4. Adonan yang telah di uleni didiamkan selama 15 menit. Setelah adonan mengembang sempurna pindahkan ke dalam loyang roti.
5. Masukkan adonan ke dalam oven, dan tunggu hingga matang.
Cara pembuatan diatas merupakan cara pembuatan masa kini. Untuk cara tradisionalnya, Dilansir dari BBC, setelah adonannya jadi, adonan tersebut diletakkan di sebuah panci yang tertutup lalu di bawa ke daerah yang terdapat tanah yang beruap karena adanya aliran panas bumi dan di sanalah masyarakat menggali tanah lalu muncullah buih air yang bergolak.
Pada lubang itulah panci yang berisi donan roti gandum hitam tersebut ditaruh dan kembali menutup lubang itu dengan tanah. Adonan dibiarkan di dalam lubang itu selama sekitar 24 jam. Setelah didiamkan selama 24 jam, barulah masyarakat menggali lubang itu dan adonan tersebut sudah berubah menjadi roti.
Panas Bumi sebagai Sumber Energi utama Kehidupan Sehari-hari
Di negara kecil dengan populasi sekitar 330.000 orang ini, hampir semua listrik yang digunakan saat ini berasal dari sumber energi terbarukan. Sumber energi bersih ini, terutama dari air dan panas bumi, mendukung berbagai aspek ekonomi, mulai dari penyediaan pemanas dan listrik untuk rumah tangga hingga industri.
Baca Juga
- Peran Energi Panas Bumi Dalam Transisi Energi Global
- Kelebihan dan Kekurangan Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Panas
Kehidupan sehari-hari masyarakat di Islandia sangat dipengaruhi oleh keberadaan banyak sumber panas bumi di sekitar mereka. Meskipun panas bumi ini memiliki suhu yang relatif rendah dan tidak dapat dimanfaatkan untuk menghasilkan listrik, namun dapat digunakan untuk berbagai keperluan seperti pemanasan rumah, air panas domestik, kolam renang, pencairan salju, industri, rumah kaca, dan budidaya ikan. Hampir sembilan dari setiap sepuluh rumah penduduk di Islandia menggunakan energi panas bumi untuk pemanasan secara langsung.
#ZonaEBT #SebarTerbarukan #EBTHeroes
Editor: Bellinda Putri Hidayat
Referensi:
[1] Hverabrauð
[2] The Icelandic Bakery That Buries Its Bread in Hot Springs
[3] Tradisi Kuliner Warga Islandia, Panggang Roti dalam Tanah, Andalkan Panas Bumi!
[4] Danish rye bread (rugbrød)
[5] In Iceland, a Century-Old Bread-Making Tradition Uses Its Most Famous Natural Resource
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