- Menurut data Kementrian Energi dan Sumber Daya Mineral (2023) Potensi energi panas bumi di Indonesia mencapai 24.000 megawatt (MW).
- Sumatera merupakan provinsi yang menghasilkan energi panas bumi terbesar dengan potensi tersebar sebesar 12.912 MW. Sumatera Barat berada dalam urutan ke tiga dengan potensi tersebar sebesar 1.680 MW (ESDM, 2020)
Dalam perkembangan potensi panas bumi Indonesia terdapat 27.483 MW potensi pada tahun 2005, 27.510 MW tahun 2006, 27.601 pada tahun 2007 dan 27.670 MW pada November 2008. (Kasbani & Dahlan, 2008). Pada tahun 2017 Indonesia meningkat menjadi 29.544 MW (RUEN, 2017). Jumlah potensi tersebut terdiri dari potensi panas bumi pada kelas sumber daya dan cadangan. Kelas potensi menunjukkan tingkat kelengkapan data yang tersedia.
Pada kelas sumber daya didapatkan melalui perhitungan dengan menggunakan metode perbandingan, yaitu dengan membandingkan daya listrik di suatu daerah dengan daerah panas bumi lain yang telah berproduksi dan mempunyai kemiripan karakteristik. Sedangkan kelas cadangan didapatkan melalui perhitungan menggunakan metode volumetris dengan beberapa asumsi, diantaranya asumsi ketebalan reservoir.
Kondisi Pengembangan Energi Panas Bumi di Indonesia
Data dari Kementrian ESDM menunjukkan bahwa dari potensi 40%panas bumi dunia, hanya 4% atau sekitar 1189 MW saja yang dimanfaatkan dibumi Indonesia. Daerah panas bumi yang sudah dimanfaatkan untuk pembangkit listrik baru 7 dari 256 lokasi atau sekitar 3% dengan kapasitas total terpasang 1189 MW. Dari tahun 2014 hingga 2019, kapasitas terpasang meningkat dari 1403,3 MW menjadi 2130,7 MW.
Indonesia merupakan suatu negara yang dianugrahi dengan potensi panas bumi yang cukup besar dan didukung dengan letak indonesia yang berada di Ring Of Fire atau yang dikenal dengan cincin api pasifik. Hampir semua wilayah di Indonesia terdapat sumber panas bumi yang dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan bakar fosil pengganti.
Dalam perkembangan potensi panas bumi Indonesia terdapat 27.483 MW potensi pada tahun 2005, 27.510 MW pada tahun 2006, 27.601 pada tahun 2007 dan 27.670 MW pada November 2008. (Kasbani & Dahlan, 2008). Pada tahun 2017 Indonesia meningkat menjadi 29.544 MW (RUEN, 2017).
Baca Juga
Potensi Energi Panas Bumi di Sumatera barat
Sumatera barat memiliki potensi energi panas bumi yang cukup besar, karena Sebagian besar wilayah wilayahnya dikelilingi dengan empat gunung Merapi aktif. Hal tersebut membuktikan Sumatera barat memiliki potensi energi panas bumi yang besar.
Sebagai Langkah efektif untuk mengatasi kekurangan energi Listrik, energi panas bumi ini harus dimanfaatkan karena termasuk energi yang ramah lingkungan dan tidak memiliki dampak negative.
Sumatera merupakan provinsi yang menghasilkan energi panas bumi terbesar dengan potensi tersebar sebesar 12.912 MW. Mereka berada dalam urutan ke tiga dengan potensi tersebar sebesar 1.680 MW (ESDM, 2020). Berdasarkan road map panas bumi Sumatera Barat, panas bumi yang tersedia telah digarap xi Solok Selatan.
Baca Juga
Peran Mobil FCEV dalam Mengatasi Krisis Energi
Intip Tipe dan Kualitas Mobil Listrik yang Ada di Indonesia!
Pemanfaatan Pembangkit Listrik Energi Panas Bumi
Adapun pemanfaatan yang berpeluang untuk mendorong sektor perekonomian karena tidak hanya sebagai pembangkit listrik, tetapi juga berguna dalam industri lainnya yang ada di Indonesia. Indonesia memiliki potensi 23,9 GW.
Menurut catatan terbaru dari Badan Geologi, pemerintah menargetkan pemanfaatan menjadi 7.241,5 MW atau 16,8% pada tahun 2025 (ESDM, 2007). Sementara, di Kabupaten Solok Selatan memiliki energi panas bumi hingga 230 MW untuk digarap sebagai energi baru terbarukan yang baru tergarap sekitar 85 MW.
Wilayah Sumatera Barat yang Belum Memiliki Penetapan WKP
Wilayah kerja panas bumi (WKP) Liki Pinangawan dan Muara Laboh, Kabupaten Solok Selatan sudah dikelola oleh PT Supreme Energy, kapasitas terpasang sebesar 1.698,5 MW padahal target capaian panas bumi yang diharapkan sebesar 7.200 MW. Satu unit pembangkit terdiri dari 80 MW dengan ada 13 sumur yang dieksploitasi terdiri dari delapan sumur produksi dan tiga sumur injeksi.
Sementara ada beberapa WKP Sumatera Barat selain Liki Pinangawan dan Muara Laboh yakni, diantaranya, WKP Bonjol di Kabupaten Pasaman dengan daya mampu sebesar 140 MW, WKP Gunung Talang berada di Kabupaten Solok dengan daya mampu sebesar 24 MW, Sumatera Barat.
Ada beberapa potensi di wilayah Sumatera Barat yang belum memiliki penetapan WKP oleh pemerintah (ESDM, 2017), antara lain:
- Simisoh. Potensi sebesar 57 MW. Dimana area nya ada di Kabupaten Pasaman.
- Cubadak (Talamau). Cubadak menyumbang sebesar 57 MW. Terletak pada Kabupaten Pasaman Barat.
- Talu. Merupakan potensi 8 MW. Dimana area nya ada di Kabupaten Pasaman Barat.
- Panti. Potensi spekulatif adalah sebesar 150 MW. Dimana area nya ada di Kabupaten Pasaman.
- Lubuk Sikaping. Yaitu 100 MW. Terletak di Kabupaten Pasaman.
- Situjuh. Situjuh memberikan 25 MW. Ada disekitar Gunung Omeh, Kabupaten Lima Puluh Kota.
- Koto Baru Marapi. Areanya ada disekitar Sungai Pua, Kabupaten Agam.
- Potensi Maninjau. Memberikan potensi 25 MV yang berada di area Kabupaten Pasaman.
- Sumani. Sebesar 75 MW. Bertempat di Koto Singkarak, Kabupaten Tanah Datar.Priangan. 100 MW. Berada di Batipuh, Kabupaten Tanah Datar.
- Bukit Kili. Mencapai angka 98 MW. Disekitar Kubung dan Lembang Jaya, Kabupaten Solok.
- Surian. Panas buminya mencapai 75 MW. Disekitar Pantai Cermin, Kabupaten Solok.
- Pincurak. Potensi spekulatif adalah 50 MW. Lokasinya berada pada Lembah Melintang, Kabupaten Pasaman Barat.
- Talago Biru. Kemudian talago biru, yaitu 50 MW. SekitaranTanjung Emas, Kabupaten Tanah Datar.
- Tandikat. Kota tandikat mencapai 213 MW. Berlokasi pada Kabupaten Tanah Datar dan Agam.
Referensi
[1] ESDM 2017, “Potensi Panas Bumi Indonesia, Jilid 1”
[2] Potensi Panas Bumi di Sumbar Harus Dimanfaatkan
[3] Potensi dan Pemanfaatan Energi Panas Bumi di Indonesia
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Editor: Nadia Istikomatuz Zulfa
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