![](https://zonaebt.com/wp-content/uploads/Revitalisasi-Jepang-2.jpg)
- Jepang yang awalnya memiliki visi untuk memanfaatkan energi sebaik mungkin mulai berbalik arah dengan memutuskan untuk mengurangi penggunaan tenaga nuklir pasca tragedi Fukushima.
- Keputusan untuk kembali memanfaatkan tenaga nuklir semaksimal mungkin dimulai pada 24 Agustus 2022.
- Sampai akhir Juli 2022 Jepang tercatat memiliki tujuh reaktor yang beroperasi, dengan tiga lainnya tidak beroperasi karena masih dalam tahap pemeliharaan.
Tahukah Sobat Zona EBT heroes bahwa dunia sempat dihebohkan dengan keputusan pengurangan kinerja beberapa reaktor nuklir Jepang?
Kebijakan Jepang untuk mengurangi ketergantungan terhadap nuklir tersebut diterapkan setelah adanya bencana yang menimpa PLTN Fukushima akibat diterjang tsunami tahun 2011. Kebijakan pengurangan energi nuklir Jepang dilakukan dengan cara membatasi izin penggunaan PLTN sampai batas 60 tahun.
Akan tetapi, pada 2022 lalu, Jepang berencana untuk memperpanjang masa operasional tersebut. Hal ini secara tidak langsung mengonfirmasi bahwa Jepang ingin kembali memanfaatkan energi nuklir sebagai salah satu pilar kekuatannya.
Baca Juga :
- Mengenal HTGR, Reaktor Nuklir Generasi IV Terbaik Saat Ini
- Urgensi Reaktor Nuklir dalam Pembangunan PLTN
Kebijakan Pengurangan Nuklir Jepang pasca Tragedi Fukushima
Jepang yang awalnya memiliki visi untuk memanfaatkan energi sebaik mungkin mulai berbalik arah dengan memutuskan untuk mengurangi penggunaan tenaga nuklir. Keputusan Jepang tersebut diterapkan pasca terjadinya tsunami 2011 yang mengakibatkan kerusakan pada tiga reaktor PLTN Fukushima. Kebijakan tersebut juga dibuat lantaran aktivitas seismik di Jepang yang tidak jarang terjadi.
Bentuk kebijakan tersebut berupa penerapan batasan 40 tahun masa operasi PLTN, dengan 20 tahun tambahan apabila pengoperasian PLTN mengikuti standar keamanan dengan ketat. Dengan adanya kebijakan pengurangan nuklir, Jepang berharap dapat mengurangi ketergantungan mereka terhadap tenaga nuklir sampai sekitar seperlima kapasitas negara. Akan tetapi, Jepang juga tetap ingin menjadi negara netral karbon yang ditargetkan tercapai pada tahun 2050.
Sebelum tragedi Fukushima 2011, terhitung 54 reaktor nuklir aktif beroperasi di Jepang. 54 reaktor ini merupakan sumber pemasok 30% tenaga listrik Jepang. Setelah pemberlakuan kebijakan pengurangan nuklir, hanya terdapat total 21 reaktor nuklir yang telah dinonaktifkan sejak tragedi Fukushima 2011 di Jepang Timur.
Beberapa reaktor nuklir tersebut seperti Kashiwazaki-Kariwa, Shika, Tsuruga, Shimane, Takahama, Genkai, Sendai, Fukushima Daini, Fukushima Daiichi, Hamaoka, Tokai Daini, Mihama, Oi, Ikata, Onogawa, Higashidori dari Tohoku, Tomari, Oma, Shimane, dan Higashidori dari Tokyo Electric Power Company (TEPCO).
Baca Juga :
- PLTN ThorCon di Bangka Belitung: Langkah Menuju Clean Energy
- PLTN Fukushima Buang Limbah Nuklir ke Laut, Apakah Aman?
Keputusan Revitalisasi Kebijakan Nuklir Jepang
![](https://zonaebt.com/wp-content/uploads/Revitalisasi-Jepang-1-1920x1280.jpeg)
Keputusan untuk kembali memanfaatkan tenaga nuklir semaksimal mungkin dimulai pada 24 Agustus 2022 yang ditandai dengan pidato Perdana Menteri Fumio Kishida, “Penyelesaian kebuntuan kebijakan energi saat ini sangatlah mendesak untuk mengatasi krisis pasokan dan permintaan listrik saat ini. Kami akan mengambil semua tindakan yang mungkin untuk bersiap menghadapi keadaan yang tidak terduga.
Khususnya, sehubungan dengan PLTN. Pemerintah akan mengambil semua langkah yang mungkin dilakukan untuk memulai kembali PLTN yang telah ditangguhkan dan telah memiliki izin operasi. Pidato tersebut dibacakan pada Green Transformation (GX) Executive meeting kedua.
Jepang mengikuti kebijakan dasar GX yang memiliki visi utama untuk mengubah struktur pasokan dan permintaan energi, serta mengembalikan perekonomian Jepang ke jalur pertumbuhan berkelanjutan. Selain itu, kebijakan dasar GX juga ingin mencapai masyarakat dekarbonisasi dan pasokan energi yang stabil.
PM Kishida turut menekankan bahwa tenaga nuklir merupakan sumber energi dekarbonisasi yang bersih dan sangat dibutuhkan untuk memajukan program transformasi hijau.
![](https://datawrapper.dwcdn.net/sXGDN/full.png)
Di bawah kebijakan baru, Jepang akan menghidupkan kembali reaktor mereka sebanyak mungkin serta memperpanjang masa operasi reaktor yang sudah menua, melebihi batas 60 tahun. Masa perpanjangan tersebut mengonfirmasi bahwa Jepang sudah tidak lagi mengikuti kebijakan pengurangan energi nuklir, yang dimana sebelumnya ditegaskan bahwa pembatasan umur reaktor hanya sampai 40 tahun, dengan perpanjangan 20 tahun.
Kondisi PLTN Jepang Saat Ini
![](https://zonaebt.com/wp-content/uploads/Revitalisasi-Jepang-3-1.jpg)
Tentunya dalam rangka menjalankan kebijakan dasar GX dalam memaksimalkan tenaga nuklir, Jepang harus memiliki PLTN yang harus unggul dalam segi kuantitas dan kualitas. Dikutip melalui DW, sampai akhir Juli 2022 Jepang tercatat memiliki tujuh reaktor yang beroperasi, dengan tiga lainnya tidak beroperasi karena masih dalam tahap pemeliharaan.
Pada 28 Juli 2023, Kansai Electric Power mulai menghidupkan kembali reaktor PLTN Takahama di Prefektur Fukui yang tercatat sebagai salah satu reaktor tertua di Jepang. Selain itu, reaktor PLTN di Takahama juga mulai dihidupkan kembali mulai pertengahan September 2023.
Pada Agustus 2023, 10 reaktor nuklir Jepang bagian barat telah diaktifkan kembali dengan persetujuan lokal. Beberapa reaktor tersebut antara lain :
- Oi, Takahama, dan Mihama dari Perusahaan Tenaga Listrik Kansai
- Genkai dan Sendai dari Perusahaan Tenaga Listrik Kyushu
- Ikata dari Pembangkit Listrik Shikoku
Beberapa pembangkit listrik tersebut menggunakan rer air bertekanan. Berbeda dari PLTN Fukushima Daiichi yang menggunakan reaktor air mendidih.
Beberapa reaktor ada juga yang sudah mendapatkan persetujuan dari perjanjian baru, akan tetapi belum mendapatkan lampu hijau untuk beroperasi kembali. Beberapa reaktor tersebut di antaranya:
- Reaktor air mendidih dari PLTN Onagawa (Perusahaan Tenaga listrik Tohoku)
- Kashiwazaki-Kariwa (Perusahaan Tenaga Listrik Tokyo
- Tokai Daini (Perusahaan Tenaga Atom Jepang)
- Shimane (Perusahaan Tenaga Listrik Chugoku)
#ZonaEBT #EBTHeroes #SebarTerbarukan
Editor: Bellinda Putri Hidayat
Referensi:
- Jepang, AS dan negara lain tingkatkan energi nuklir global pada 2050
- Japan’s Nuclear Power Plants in 2023
- Japan’s Nuclear Energy Policy Disaster
- Japan’s Cabinet has approved a policy to allow new nuclear power reactors to be constructed and the operation of existing reactors to be extended from 40 to 60 years.
- Revitalization of Nuclear Energy Policy for Green Transformation in Japan
- Atasi Krisis Energi, Jepang Berencana Hidupkan Kembali PLTN
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