- Rusia, Brazil, Kanada, Amerika Serikat, dan China menduduki posisi 5 besar sebagai negara dengan luasan hutan terbesar di dunia.
- Hutan di Rusia, Brazil, Kanada, Amerika Serikat, dan China mampu menyerap dan menyimpan karbon dalam jumlah yang besar.
Sobat EBT Heroes, Indonesia merupakan salah satu negara yang memiliki hutan terluas di dunia dengan luasan mencapai 97 hektar atau 2% dari total luas hutan di dunia. Hutan di Indonesia didominasi oleh hutan hujan tropis yang tersebar di berbagai wilayah, antara lain Pulau Jawa, Pulau Kalimantan, Pulau Sumatera, sebagian Pulau Sulawesi, dan Papua.
Dengan luasnya hutan tropis yang dimiliki, Indonesia memiliki peran yang besar dalam upaya mitigasi perubahan iklim. Hutan hujan tropis Indonesia diperkirakan mampu menyerap emisi karbon hingga 25,18 miliar ton CO2 per tahun. Namun, tidak hanya Indonesia saja yang memiliki potensi hutan yang besar.
Beberapa negara di dunia, seperti Rusia, Brazil, Kanada, Amerika Serikat, dan China menduduki posisi 5 besar sebagai negara dengan luasan hutan terbesar di dunia. Yuk, simak artikel berikut untuk mengetahui seberapa besar potensi hutan yang dimiliki oleh negara-negara tersebut.
Hutan Boreal Rusia
Rusia menempati peringkat pertama sebagai negara yang memiliki luasan hutan terbesar di dunia. Luasan hutan di Rusia mencapai 815 juta hektar atau sekitar 20% dari total luas hutan di dunia yang didominasi oleh Hutan Boreal. Hutan Boreal atau biasa disebut dengan Taiga merupakan bioma terbesar di bumi yang tersusun dari satu spesies, seperti pinus, konifer, dan cemara.
Dilansir dari Mongabay, Hutan Boreal mampu menyimpan karbon hampir dua kali lebih banyak dibandingkan dengan hutan tropis per hektarnya. Setiap tahunnya, Hutan Boreal mampu menyerap lebih dari 1,5 miliar ton karbondioksida (CO2), yang merupakan gas rumah kaca utama. Dalam siklus karbon global, Hutan Boreal memiliki peran yang penting karena dapat menyimpan karbon mencapai sekitar 30-40% yang tersimpan di pepohonan hutan boreal, tanah, dan lahan gambut.
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Hutan Brazil
Brazil menduduki peringkat kedua dengan luasan hutan mencapai 497 juta hektar atau 12% dari total seluruh hutan di dunia. Hutan Hujan Amazon yang dimiliki Brazil memiliki potensi dalam menyerap karbon dalam jumlah yang fantastis, yakni mencapai 140 miliar ton cadangan karbon.
Hutan Hujan Amazon juga mampu memasok 30% oksigen dunia. Selain Hutan Hujan Amazon, Brazil juga memiliki Hutan Bakau yang berperan dalam penyerapan karbon. Hutan Bakau di sepanjang garis pantai Brazil menyimpan 8,5% stok karbon global dan menyimpan karbon 4,3 kali lebih banyak pada lapisan tanah paling atas setinggi 1 meter.
Hutan Boreal Kanada
Di urutan ketiga ditempati oleh Kanada dengan luasan hutan mencapai 347 juta hektar yang didominasi oleh Hutan Boreal. Di Kanada, Hutan Boreal menempati sekitar 35% dari total luas lahan Kanada. Hutan Boreal di Kanada memiliki peran yang penting karena mampu menyimpan karbon, memurnikan udara dan air, serta mengatur iklim. Diperkirakan 67 miliar ton karbon tersimpan di wilayah Hutan Boreal Kanada.
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Hutan Amerika Serikat
Peringkat keempat negara dengan luas hutan terbesar ditempati oleh Amerika Serikat dengan luasan hutan mencapai 310 juta hektar atau sekitar 8% dari luas total hutan di dunia. Wilayah yang memiliki hutan paling lebat di Amerika Serikat antara lain Maine, New Hampshire, Samoa Amerika, Kepulauan Mariana Utara, dan Virginia Barat.
Tipe hutan yang banyak ditemui di Amerika Serikat antara lain Hutan Tropis, Hutan Beriklim Sedang, dan Hutan Boreal. Menurut Dinas Kehutanan Amerika Serikat, hutan Amerika mampu menyerap lebih dari 800 juta ton karbon per tahun atau sekitar 12% emisi tahunan Amerika.
Hutan China
Posisi kelima ditempati oleh China dengan luasan hutan mencapai 220 juta hektar. Salah satu jenis hutan yang banyak ditemukan di China, yakni Hutan Bambu memiliki potensi dalam menyerap karbon. Bambu diketahui mampu menyerap 17 ton emisi karbon per hektar per tahun dan mampu memproduksi oksigen sebesar 35% lebih banyak dibanding pohon pada umumnya.
#ZonaEBT #EBTHeroes #SebarTerbarukan
Editor: Bellinda Putri Hidayat
Referensi:
[1] 10 Negara Pemilik Hutan Terluas di Dunia
[2] A More Potent CO2 Sink Than The Amazon, Brazil’s Mangroves Remain Overlooked
[3] Bisakah Bambu Menangkal Krisis Iklim?
[5] Ekonomi Karbon Indonesia Berpotensi Meraih Rp 8.000 Triliun
[7] Hutan Amazon: Pengertian, Karakteristik, dan Fakta Menariknya (Update 2022)
[8] The Distribution of Boreal Forest
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