Investasi Kendaraan Listrik Besar-besaran ala Arab Saudi

Ilustrasi mobil listrik
Ilustrasi kendaraan listrik. Sumber: Suara.com
  • Target Arab Saudi adalah memproduksi 500 ribu kendaraan listrik pada 2030, dengan penekanan pada energi terbarukan.
  • Investasi signifikan dari PIF dalam Lucid Motors, mencerminkan upaya negara untuk mendorong diversifikasi ekonomi dan menggalakkan industri otomotif berbasis listrik.
  • Meskipun berinvestasi dalam Lucid Motors dan Ceer, Arab Saudi menghadapi tantangan seperti minimnya pengalaman otomotif, kurangnya infrastruktur untuk kendaraan listrik, dan hambatan perluasan manufaktur lokal yang signifikan.

Sobat EBT Heroes, industri kendaraan listrik makin diminati oleh banyak negara. Arab Saudi, yang dikenal sebagai produsen minyak terbesar di dunia juga mengarahkan fokusnya pada industri kendaraan listrik. Dengan investasi hingga miliaran dolar, Arab Saudi berupaya menggeser perannya dari produsen minyak utama menjadi pusat kendaraan listrik yang inovatif. Langkah ini menjadi bagian integral dari strategi diversifikasi perekonomian negara untuk mengembangkan industri mobil listrik yang kuat di tingkat domestik.

Dalam menghadapi perubahan global menuju energi bersih, Arab Saudi tidak hanya berusaha memitigasi ketergantungan pada sektor minyak, tetapi juga membuka peluang baru dalam industri yang semakin berkembang, termasuk kendaraan listrik. Hal ini mendukung gebrakan penurunan emisi gas rumah kaca yang mereka lakukan.

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Menteri Investasi Arab Saudi, Khalid Al-Falih, sedang mengkaji kemungkinan untuk berinvestasi dalam sektor produksi baterai kendaraan listrik dan mengembangkan teknologi kendaraan berbasis hidrogen. Dalam konteks ini, Al-Falih menyoroti pentingnya rantai pasokan sebagai elemen kunci dalam memajukan industri tersebut.

Kesadaran akan rantai pasokan yang andal dan efisien merupakan fondasi esensial untuk mendukung pertumbuhan produksi dan inovasi dalam pembuatan baterai kendaraan listrik serta teknologi kendaraan hidrogen. Dengan berfokus pada aspek ini, Arab Saudi berusaha membangun fondasi yang kuat untuk mendukung transformasi menuju kendaraan bersih dan berkelanjutan pada masa depan.

Pemain Utama di Pasar Kendaraan Listrik Arab Saudi

Arab Saudi melalui Public Investment Fund (PIF) yang mengelola dana kekayaan negara senilai USD 700 miliar atau sekitar Rp11 triliun, memiliki tujuan untuk memproduksi sekitar 500 ribu kendaraan listrik pada tahun 2030. Angka ini merupakan peningkatan signifikan dari target sebelumnya yang hanya sebesar 150 ribu pada tahun 2026. Namun, meskipun memiliki sasaran yang tinggi, hanya satu pabrik mobil di Arab Saudi yang beroperasi. Pabrik tersebut juga baru saja merakit kembali sekitar 800 kendaraan pada Desember 2023.

Dua pemain utama di pasar kendaraan listrik di Arab Saudi, yaitu Lucid dari Amerika Serikat dan Ceer, merek hasil kerjasama antara Public Investment Fund (PIF) dan Foxconn dari Taiwan, menarik perhatian dengan langkah-langkah besar dalam pengembangan industri otomotif di kerajaan. PIF telah menginvestasikan dana sebesar USD 10 miliar atau sekitar Rp157 triliun di Lucid Motors dengan kesepakatan pemerintah untuk membeli hingga 100 ribu kendaraan Lucid. Lucid Motors kini menjadi aktor utama dalam perkembangan otomotif di Arab Saudi serta mengoperasikan satu-satunya pabrik otomotif di negara tersebut yang merakit kembali kendaraan yang awalnya diproduksi di Arizona.

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Di sisi lain, Ceer, merek yang muncul dari kerjasama antara PIF dan Foxconn, masih dalam tahap pengembangan. Ceer belum memulai pembangunan pabrik atau meluncurkan mobilnya, dengan proyek pertama dijadwalkan untuk diluncurkan tahun depan, kendati beberapa klaim menunjukkan bahwa peluncuran sebenarnya mungkin terjadi pada tahun 2026. Walaupun memiliki rencana ambisius, kehadiran pemasok kunci dan pabrik produksi di Arab Saudi masih menjadi tantangan yang harus diatasi.

Sementara itu, Lucid Motors tetap menjadi fokus utama dengan dukungan signifikan dari PIF. Pemerintah Arab Saudi juga telah memberlakukan aturan yang membatasi entitas negara berbisnis dengan perusahaan internasional tanpa kantor pusat di wilayah tersebut yang mulai berlaku pada Januari 2024. Dengan menetapkan target untuk menarik lebih banyak perusahaan global, Arab Saudi berupaya meningkatkan kehadiran dan investasi asing dengan lebih dari 180 izin yang telah dikeluarkan untuk perusahaan yang memenuhi syarat dalam mendapatkan insentif khusus pada tahun mendatang.

Hambatan Arab Saudi dalam Perluasan Manufaktur Lokal

Upaya Arab Saudi dalam memasuki industri kendaraan listrik menemui beberapa tantangan. Arab Saudi sebelumnya telah menghadapi kesulitan dalam menarik produsen otomotif. Sebagai contoh, Toyota Jepang menolak sebuah kesepakatan pada tahun 2019. Alasan penolakan Toyota karena biaya tenaga kerja yang tinggi, kurangnya pemasok lokal, dan ukuran pasar lokal yang terbatas. Meski situasi dunia yang makin berfokus dalam pengembangan kendaraan listrik, para analis menunjukkan bahwa hambatan-hambatan semacam itu masih relevan dan persaingan semakin ketat di Arab Saudi.

“Ada persaingan luar biasa yang dihadapi negara ini (Arab Saudi) dari pusat-pusat manufaktur dan rantai pasokan yang sudah mapan. Banyak tantangan yang harus diatasi sebelum industri ini dapat terbentuk dan berkembang sepenuhnya,” ungkap Gaurav Batra, seorang analis yang ahli dalam manufaktur dan mobilitas global yang maju di bidang kendaraan listrik (EV).

Arab Saudi mulai tak sepenuhnya mengandalkan industri perminyakan. Mereka beralih ke sektor lain, termasuk kendaraan listrik. Namun, Arab Saudi menghadapi banyak persoalan, khususnya mendapatkan minat produsen komponen mobil, mulai dari pintu hingga mesin, ketika tidak ada industri lokal yang signifikan untuk mendukungnya.

Editor: Alvin Pratama

Referensi:

[1] Ketika Juragan Minyak Arab Saudi Mulai Main Mobil Listrik

[2] Berpaling dari Minyak, Arab Saudi Jor-joran Investasi ke Industri Kendaraan Listrik

[3] Mimpi Arab Saudi sebagai Produsen Mobil Listrik Dunia, Sampai Mana?

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