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Kenalan dengan Mobil Listrik Bahan Bakar LFP!

Baterai LFP. Sumber: istockphoto.com
  • LFP atau yang biasa disebut lithium iron phosphate banyak digunakan oleh produsen otomotif. Bahan bakar ini memiliki keunggulan mampu menahan termal dan keamanan yang lebih terjamin dibandingkan dengan bahan bakar lainnya.
  • China sebagai produsen otomotif kendaraan listrik terbesar telah mengadopsi LFP untuk kendaraan listriknya.
  • Dampak terhadap Indonesia dengan negara terbesar penghasil nikel membuat harga nikel menurun cukup signifikan.

Sobat EBT Heroes ternyata untuk bahan bakar kendaraan listrik tidak hanya memakai nikel, loh! Bahkan, nikel sudah tergeserkan dengan hadirnya Lithium Ferro Phosphate (LFP) sebagai bahan baku alternatif kendaraan listrik. Bahan bakar LFP lebih sering digunakan oleh produsen-produsen yang bergerak di bidang otomotif karena memiliki keunggulan yang tidak dimiliki oleh bahan bakar nikel.

Di Indonesia sudah cukup banyak kendaraan listrik yang memakai bahan bakar LFP. Beberapa perusahaan besar seperti perusahaan China lebih memilih untuk memproduksi kendaraan listriknya dengan bahan bakar LFP. Apa saja kendaraan listriknya, ya, Sobat EBT Heroes?

Apa Itu LFP?

Baterai LFP. Sumber: energi.netzsch.com

LFP atau yang sering disebut lithium iron phosphate merupakan salah satu komponen penting baterai lithium ion yang bisa diisi ulang. LFP merupakan salah satu dari beberapa jenis katoda yang lazim digunakan dalam baterai lithium. Katoda jenis lainnya adalah LNCA, LiCoO2, LiMn2O4, hingga LNCM.

LFP ini memiliki banyak kelebihan dibandingkan dengan nikel. Namun, tetap saja LFP memiliki kekurangan dalam produksinya.

Berikut beberapa kelebihan LFP:

  • Kapasitas energi yang tinggi

Menurut Rachmanto dkk, secara teoritis LiFePO4 mempunyai kapasitas energi yang tinggi yaitu 170 mAh/g dan tegangan discharge 3,4 V.

  • Ekonomis dan ramah lingkungan

LFP ini menggunakan material yang tidak beracun sehingga membuat kendaraan listrik dengan bahan bakar tersebut akan lebih ramah lingkungan dan ekonomis.

  • Biaya sintesis LFP lebih murah

Dibandingkan dengan katoda lain, LiCoO2 memiliki biaya sintesis yang lebih murah.

Kekurangan dari LFP ialah:

  • Konduktivitas rendah
  • Laju difusi ion Li+ yang lambat
  • Kerapatan energi yang rendah

Baca Juga:

Dampak LFP di Indonesia

Baterai LFP dikenal dengan keunggulannya yaitu menahan termal yang luar biasa dan keselamatan yang lebih tinggi. Bahan bakar ini akhirnya mulai mendapatkan tempat dalam produksi kendaraan listrik. Sebelumnya, bahan bakar untuk kendaraan listrik yang banyak dipakai ialah nikel.

Tesla, sebagai pemimpin dalam industri mobil listrik telah mengadopsi baterai LFP untuk model standard range mereka.

Dampak yang terjadi pada Indonesia sebagai penghasil nikel terbesar di dunia yaitu penurunan harga nikel yang cukup signifikan. Menurut pengamat energi Universitas Gadjah Mada, Fahmy Radhi, pergeseran menuju LFP yang relatif lebih murah dan memiliki kualitas yang kompetitif dapat mengurangi ketergantungan industri pada nikel.

Pada awal 2024, harga nikel acuan Indonesia merosot hingga 7,17% ke level US$ 16.386,86 per dmt, dari US$ 17.653,33 per dmt pada Desember 2023.

Baca Juga:

Apa Saja Kendaraan Listrik yang Memakai LFP?

Mobil dengan LFP. Sumber: ridertua.com

Berikut daftar mobil listrik di Indonesia dengan bahan bakar LFP:

  • Wuling

Mobil listrik Wuling memilih bahan baku untuk kendaraan listriknya yaitu LFP seperti Air EV dan Binguo EV. Wuling mengusung baterai LFP yang mampu bertahan dengan jarak tempuh 200 hingga 300 kilometer dalam sekali pengisian daya.

Untuk Wuling Air EV Standard Range memiliki kapasitas baterai 18 kWh dengan jarak tempuh 200 km. Untuk Bingou EV menggunakan baterai LFP yang memiliki kapasitas baterai 31,9 kWh.

Wuling mengatakan baterai LFP yang digunakan sudah melalui uji ketahanan terhadap air dan debu setingkat rating IP67.

  • BYD

BYD juga ternyata memakai baterai LFP sebagai bahan baku kendaraan listriknya seperti BYD Seal, BYD Atto3, dan BYD Dolphin.

Perusahaan memutuskan untuk menggunakan baterai berbasis LFP karena dinilai sangat aman. Keputusan ini diambil berdasarkan riset dan analisis yang dilakukan terhadap seluruh bahan baku untuk membuat baterai.

  • Chery

Pada tahun lalu yaitu tahun 2023, Chery memperkenalkan mobil listriknya yaitu Omoda 5 di Indonesia dengan menggunakan baterai LFP.

Omoda 5 EV ini memiliki sejumlah keunggulan. Mobil ini memiliki daya tempuh yang mencapai 450 km, pengisian daya baterai yang cepat, hingga berbagai fitur keamanan yang canggih.

  • Tesla

Produsen mobil di China mulai beralih ke baterai LFP karena harganya yang lebih murah dibandingkan paket listrik lain yang banyak digunakan.

Tesla menggunakan LFP di China yang dipasok oleh Contemporary Amperex Technilogy Co, pembuat baterai terbesar di dunia. Tesla ingin menggunakan LFP sebagai bahan bakar kendaraan listriknya dengan memberikan keterangan agar biayanya lebih murah dan model-modelnya tetap cantik.

#SobatEBTHeroes #ZoneEBT #SebarTerbarukan

Editor: Ken Hitana Prakarsi

Referensi:

[1] Daftar Mobil Listrik di RI yang Pakai Baterai LFP, bukan Nikel – Sektor Riil

[2] Apa itu Lithium Ferro Phosphate atau LFP yang Ditanyakan Gibran?

[3] Penurunan Harga Nikel Dampak Transisi ke Baterai LFP Dalam Industri Kendaraan Listrik

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