- Untuk dapat menghasilkan kecepatan tinggi pada turbin angin, maka perlu diatur pada rumah mesin yang dapat mempercepat laju poros rotor sehingga mendapatkan kecepatan tinggi
- Angin bermula dari proses pemanasan suatu wilayah oleh matahari yang akan terjadi perbedaan tekanan udara di dua tempat berbeda
- Setelah dinaikkan tegangan listrik melalui transformator maka dapat disalurkan ke jaringan distribusi lalu menuju ke pelanggan atau konsumen
Salah satu energi terbarukan yang dapat dimanfaatkan untuk kehidupan orang banyak adalah angin. Angin merupakan sumber primer yang berasal dari matahari akan terjadi perubahan suhu di suatu wilayah. Sebagai daerah tropis, Indonesia berpotensi membangun turbin angin maupun Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Bayu (PLTB).
Beberapa daerah sudah membangun PLTB seperti di Jawa Barat, Sulawesi, Kalimantan, dsb. Hasil energi listrik yang didapatkan dari perputaran turbin angin hingga 150 MW (Megawatt) dengan 50 turbin. Tak hanya sebagai sumber energi, turbin angin dapat menjadi objek wisata karena keindahannya yang berada di lahan luas.
Angin berasal dari adanya proses pemanasan suatu wilayah oleh matahari yang akan terjadi perbedaan tekanan udara di dua tempat berbeda proses pemanasan dipengaruhi rotasi bumi. Aliran angin berasal dari tempat tekanan udara tinggi menuju ke tempat tekanan udara rendah. Sehingga, kekuatan angin yang bertiup kencang dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai sumber energi listrik.
Baca juga:
- Begini Daya Tarik PLTB Ciemas Sukabumi!
- Pemindahan Ibu Kota Negara Baru “Nusantara” Bangun Smart City, Termasuk Pada Sektor Energi
Energi angin tidak menyebabkan polusi ataupun merusak kesehatan manusia, sehingga tenaga angin ini dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai sumber energi listrik untuk penerangan, aktivitas lainnya. Maka, angin dapat dikatakan energi bersih dan ramah lingkungan.
Namun, turbin angin atau juga disebut kincir angin awalnya belum dimanfaatkan sebagai sumber energi listrik. Sebelum abad ke-19, kincir angin tradisional digunakan untuk memompa air dan menumbuk biji-bijian.
Pada tahun 1887, Profesor James Blyth asal Skotlandia merupakan seorang ahli listrik yang melakukan uji coba terhadap kincir angin untuk dapat menghasilkan energi listrik. Kincir angin dibangun di kebunnya dan baling-baling berputar menghasilkan listrik sehingga dapat menerangi rumahnya.
Di abad ke-21, transformasi turbin angin sudah lebih baik dibandingkan turbin angin sederhana pada abad ke-19 sekarang listrik sudah dapat dialokasikan ke pemukiman yang jangkauannya lebih luas.
Nah, begini cara kerja turbin angin hingga memenuhi kebutuhan sehari-hari :
Baca juga:
- Belajar dari Eropa Alami Krisis Energi: Indonesia Kejar Pengembangan Upaya Net Zero Emission 2060
- DAHYSATNYA ANGIN INDONESIA MENJADI POTENSI ENERGI TERBESAR DI ASIA
- Pertama, bangun turbin angin di lahan yang luas, komponen utamanya seperti baling-baling, generator, tower/menara, controller, gearbox, rotor.
- Selanjutnya pada saat angin bertiup atau bergerak, akan terjadi gerakan kinetik yang dapat memutar baling-baling. Pada baling-baling sudah terpasang poros rotor yang dapat membangkitkan elektromagnetik dengan kecepatan rendah.
- Untuk dapat menghasilkan kecepatan tinggi, maka perlu diatur pada gearbox/rumah mesin yang dapat mempercepat laju poros rotor sehingga mendapatkan kecepatan tinggi.
- Pada poros rotor saat berkecepatan tinggi akan terhubung oleh generator yang dapat mengubah energi kinetik atau gerak menjadi energi listrik.
- Setelah di konversi menjadi energi listrik, akan disalurkan ke transformator (trafo) dari menara turbin angin. Transformator ini dapat menaikkan tegangan listrik. Setelah dinaikkan tegangan listrik melalui transformator maka dapat disalurkan ke jaringan distribusi lalu menuju ke pelanggan atau konsumen. Sehingga, konsumen dapat menikmati listrik yang sudah disalurkan dari proses energi angin menjadi energi listrik.
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