Sumber: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind_power_in_China#Offshore_wind
- Menurut data Global Energy Monitor, kapasitas taman angin yang beroperasi di Negeri Tirai Bambu sekitar 278.353 MW.
- Perjalanan PLTB atau taman angin di China dimulai sekitar tahun 2005 dan terdapat beberapa PLTB yang tersebar di China yaitu PLTB Longyuan Rudong Intertidal (150 MW), PLTB Gansu (10 GW), dan PLTB Donghai Bridge (102 MW).
- Perusahaan yang ikut berpartisipasi sebagai penggerak PLTB di China yaitu Gamesa, Vestas, Envision Energy, CSSC, Windey, United Power, Dongfang Electric, Mingyang, Goldwind, dan Shanghai Electric.
Energi angin merupakan salah satu jenis energi terbarukan yang memiliki potensi besar dan ketersediaannya melimpah di alam. PLTB atau pembangkit listrik tenaga bayu adalah salah satu contoh dari pemanfaatan energi angin. Secara sederhana cara kerja PLTB yaitu mengubah energi angin yang menggerakkan turbin angin yang dikopel dengan generator menjadi energi listrik.
Pembangkit listrik tenaga bayu pun cukup mudah dipasang di mana saja asalkan ada energi angin yang mengalir dengan kecepatan yang cukup konstan. Menurut data Global Energy Monitor pada Januari 2023 kapasitas pembangkit listrik tenaga angin atau bayu yang beroperasi di dunia mencapai 729.457 MW atau bila dibulatkan setara dengan 730 GW.
Negeri Tirai Bambu China menjadi negara dengan kapasitas taman angin terbesar di dunia pada saat ini. Mengikuti data Global Energy Monitor, kapasitas taman angin yang beroperasi di Negeri Tirai Bambu sekitar 278.353 MW. Berhubungan dengan hal ini Sobat EBT Heroes mari bersama kita telusuri jejak negara China hingga bisa menjadi negara dengan kapasitas taman angin terbesar di dunia.
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Perjalanan PLTB di China
Sumber: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind_power_in_China#Offshore_wind
Perjalanan PLTB atau taman angin di China dimulai sekitar tahun 2005. Hal ini ditandai dengan pengesahan Undang-Undang (UU) yang isinya mengharuskan perusahaan jaringan listrik Tiongkok membeli semua energi listrik yang dihasilkan dari sektor energi terbarukan. Kemudian tahun berikutnya pengembang turbin angin Tiongkok melalui Pameran Tenaga Angin Asia 2006 meluncurkan turbin angin Maglev permanen pertama di dunia.
Menjelang akhir tahun 2008, sekitar 15 perusahaan di China meliputi Goldwind, Dongfang Electric, Sinovel, dan lainnya berhasil memproduksi turbin angin dengan kapasitas 1,5 – 3 MW beserta komponen pendukungnya secara komersial. Produksi turbin angin ini pun meningkat hingga 80.000 turbin. Dengan pencapaian tersebut mengantarkan negeri Tirai Bambu China menjadi penyedia energi angin terbesar di dunia di tahun 2010. Di mana kapasitas PLTB yang terpasang di China sekitar 41,8 GW namun seperempat kapasitas ini tidak disambung ke jaringan listrik.
Kemudian tahun 2014, kapasitas pembangkit listrik tenaga angin terpasang di China mencapai 100 GW. Pengembangan dan inovasi teknologi di bidan PLTB pun terus dilakukan hingga saat ini diketahui kapasitas energi listrik yang beroperasi dari sektor PLTB atau taman angin di China mencapai sekitar 278, 35 GW.
PLTB yang Tersebar di China
Sumber: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donghai_Bridge_Wind_Farm
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gansu_Wind_Farm
PLTB menjadi sumber energi listrik ketiga di China. Salah satu alasannya karena wilayah geografis China yang terdiri atas daratan yang luas dan garis pantai yang cukup panjang menjadikan Negeri Tiongkok ini memiliki potensi energi angin yang cukup besar. Menurut hasil riset wilayah daratan China memiliki potensi pemanfaatan energi bayu sekitar 2380 GW. Sedangkan, wilayah perairan memiliki potensi pemanfaatan energi angin sekitar 200 GW.
Beberapa PLTB yang tersebar di China yaitu PLTB Longyuan Rudong Intertidal. PLTB ini merupakan taman angin lepas pantai yang terletak 4 km dari daratan Kabupaten Rudong, provinsi Jiangsu, Tiongkok. Taman angin Longyuan Rudong Intertidal memiliki luas 107 km persegi dengan kapasitas energi listrik yang terpasang adalah 150 MW.
Kemudian PLTB atau taman angin Gansu atau dikenal pula dengan taman angin Jiuquan. Taman angin ini terletak di daerah gurun dekat kota Jiuquan, terhampar di dua wilayah di Kabupaten Guangzhou dan juga dekat Kota Yumen, di provinsi barat laut Gansu. Diketahui bahwa PLTB Gansu ini termasuk dalam mega proyek PLTB di China sehingga dibangun dalam beberapa tahap. Kapasitas energi listrik yang dihasilkan oleh PLTB Gansu ini mencapai 10 GW.
Lalu taman angin lepas pantai Donghai Bridge memiliki kapasitas energi listrik terpasang sekitar 102 MW. Taman angin ini terletak di sebelah Donghai Bridge, Shanghai, Laut Cina Timur. Selanjutnya ada juga PLTB Dongtai V dengan kapasitas energi listrik 200 MW, PLTB Yangjiang Shapa Phase 1 berkapasitas energi listrik 300 MW, PLTB SPIC Binhai North H2 yang memiliki kapasitas energi listrik 200 MW, PLTB Shanwei Houhu dengan kapasitas terpasang 500 MW, dan lainnya.
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Perusahaan Penggerak PLTB di China
Sumber : https://www.takomabattery.com/top-10-wind-energy-companies-in-china/
Beberapa perusahaan di China yang ikut berpartisipasi dalam pengembangan taman angin atau PLTB di China yaitu perusahaan Goldwind yang berfokus pada ranah penyediaan turbin angin yang diintegrasikan bersama teknologi digital. Selanjutnya ada perusahaan Dongfang Electric yang bergerak sebagai kontraktor penyedia peralatan pembangkit listrik dan teknik pembangkit listrik serta sistem kontrol pembangkit untuk taman-taman angin di China.
Kemudian ada perusahaan Mingyang Smart Energy yang melakukan pengembangan dan desain peralatan energi baru terkait turbin angin megawatt dan komponen inti termasuk manufaktur produk, layanan pengoperasian dan pemeliharaan, serta investasi dan pengoperasian turbin-turbin angin yang terpasang pada PLTB di China. Lalu perusahaan Shanghai Electric yang berperan dalam penyelenggara peralatan pembangkit energi angin, serta peralatan transmisi dan distribusi tenaga listrik yang dibangkitkan PLTB di China.
Perusahaan lainnya yang ikut berpartisipasi sebagai penggerak taman-taman angin yang dibangun di Negeri Tirai Bambu ini yaitu perusahaan Gamesa, perusahaan Vestas, perusahaan Envision Energy, perusahaan CSSC, perusahaan Windey, dan perusahaan United Power. Nah Sobat EBT Heroes itulah jejak cerita dari taman angin atau PLTB di China. Sekian hari ini, sampai jumpa lagi di artikel zonaebt lainnya. Terimakasih.
#zonaebt #sebarterbarukan #ebtheroes
Editor : Azahra Nabila
Referensi
[1] Deretan Negara dengan Pembangkit Tenaga Angin Terbesar Awal 2023
[2] Longyuan Rudong Intertidal Wind Farm
[3] Gansu Wind Farm
[4] List of offshore wind farms in China
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