- Eksplorasi dan memanfaatkan potensi panas bumi merupakan salah satu solusi untuk mengatasi krisis energi.
- Energi panas bumi ini sangat sedikit bahkan hampir bisa dibilang tidak menghasilkan limbah sama sekali, karena fluida panasbumi yang telah diambil dan dimanfaatkan uap panasnya.
- Eksplorasi panas bumi dapat diketahui dengan cara menentukan nilai resistivitas batuan dengan menggunakan beberapa metode yakni gravitasi, seismik, dan geolistrik resistivitas.
Saat ini salah satu energi yang sangat diperlukan adalah energi listrik. Dengan semakin bertambahnya penduduk dan semakin tingginya kebutuhan dan alat-alat elektronik yang membutuhkan energi listrik membuat kebutuhan energi listrik setiap tahun semakin meningkat, pada tahun 2014 saja di Indonesia kebutuhan energi listrik mencapai 31.550,95 MW, sedangkan kebutuhan energi listrik yang dibutuhkan di Indonesia pada tahun 2018 diperkirakan mencapai 64.000,00 MW.
Untuk mengatasi krisis energi yang terjadi, salah satu solusinya adalah dengan memanfaatkan potensi panas bumi. Seharusnya pembangkit listrik tenaga panas bumi merupakan solusi alternatif untuk menyelesaikan masalah kekurangan energi.
Kelebihan energi panas bumi yaitu ramah lingkungan dan termasuk energi yang tidak dapat diekspor sehingga pasokan energi listrik di negara Indonesia terus terjaga hingga ratusan tahun.
Indonesia merupakan pemegang cadangan energi yang sangat besar yakni 29.000 MW atau sejumlah 40% dari total keseluruhan cadangan energi panas bumi di dunia, hal ini dikarenakan karena Indonesia dilalui oleh jalur gunung api (Ring of Fire).
Energi panas bumi ini sangat sedikit bahkan hampir bisa dibilang tidak menghasilkan limbah sama sekali, karena fluida panasbumi yang telah diambil dan dimanfaatkan uap panasnya untuk dimanfaatkan menjadi energi listrik akan disirkulasikan kembali ke dalam bawah permukaan bumi melalui sumur injeksi.
Baca Juga
- Badan Geologi Sebut Tiga Lokasi Ini Berpotensi Untuk Penggunaan Panas Bumi
- Gandeng Medco Power, Pertamina Geothermal Energy Kembangkan Proyek Besar Panas Bumi
Macam-macam Eksplorasi
Panas bumi adalah sumber daya alternatif dan sangat banyak diproduksi di Indonesia karena potensi panas bumi yang ada di dalamnya. Indonesia mencapai 40% cadangan panas bumi dunia. Hal ini dikarenakan Indonesia memiliki 129 gunung api yang berpotensi sebagai wilayah pengembangan panas bumi.
Eksplorasi panas bumi dapat diketahui dengan cara menentukan nilai resistivitas batuan dengan menggunakan beberapa metode yakni gravitasi, seismik, dan geolistrik resistivitas.
Baca Juga
- PERTAMINA DORONG TRANSISI ENERGI BERSIH PANAS BUMI
- PERPRES EBT TERBIT, ENERGI PANAS BUMI AKAN JADI PRIMADONA
Metode geolistrik resistivitas adalah salah satu metode geofisika yang digunakan dalam eksplorasi panas bumi. Berbagai faktor berkontribusi dalam meningkatkan kontras resistivitas antara sistem panas bumi dengan batuan disekitarnya. Metoda resistivitas digunakan untuk mempelajari keadaan bawah permukaan dengan cara mempelajari sifat aliran listrik di dalam batuan di bawah permukaan bumi.
Metode geolistrik (tahanan jenis) sangat bagus digunakan untuk mengetahui kondisi atau struktur geologi bawah permukaan berdasarkan variasi tahanan jenis batuannya. Survei geolistrik terutama sangat bagus dilakukan pada daerah dengan kontras tahanan jenis yang cukup jelas terhadap sekitarnya seperti untuk keperluan eksplorasi panas bumi.
Selanjutnya adalah Metode gravitasi, memiliki suatu kelebihan untuk survei awal karena dapat memberikan informasi yang cukup detail tentang struktur geologi dan kontras densitas batuan. Pada kasus panas bumi perbedaan densitas batuan merupakan acuan dalam penyelidikan metode gravitasi. Dimana, daerah sumber panas dan akumulasinya di bawah permukaan bumi dapat menyebabkan perbedaan densitas dengan massa batuan disekitarnya.
Dalam metode gravitasi, pengukuran dilakukan terhadap nilai komponen vertikal dari percepatan gravitasi di suatu tempat. Namun pada kenyataannya, bentuk bumi tidak bulat sehingga terdapat variasi nilai percepatan gravitasi untuk masing-masing tempat.
Kemudian ada Metode seismik, umumnya tujuan utama dari pengukuran seismik adalah untuk memperoleh rekaman yang berkualitas baik. Kualitas rekaman seismik dapat dinilai dari perbandingan sinyal refleksi terhadap sinyal noise (S/N) yaitu perbandingan antara banyaknya sinyal refleksi yang direkam dibandingkan dengan sinyal noisenya dan keakuratan pengukuran waktu tempuh.
Referensi :
[1] “PENGAWASAN EKSPLORASI PANAS BUMI DALAM RANGKA MENUJU 9.500 MW PADA TAHUN 2025”
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