![Ilustrasi pemasangan PLTS di dekat laut, Peran PLTS Atap dalam Regulasi Pertumbuhan EBT, zonaebt.com](https://zonaebt.com/wp-content/uploads/Ilustrasi-pemasangan-PLTS-di-dekat-laut-mediaindonesia.com_.jpg)
- Indonesia sedang mengoptimalisasikan transisi dari penggunaan Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Uap (PLTU) batu bara menuju EBT yang lebih bersih.
- Salah satu usaha tercepat dan memungkinkan yaitu dengan memperbanyak pemasangan PLTS di atap bangunan, termasuk di rumah-rumah.
- Terdapat aturan dari PLTS Atap dengan PT PLN (Persero) yang menjadi perdebatan.
Saat ini, Indonesia sedang mengoptimalisasikan transisi dari penggunaan Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Uap (PLTU) batu bara menuju energi baru terbarukan (EBT) yang lebih bersih, salah satunya adalah Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Surya (PLTS). Pengurangan listrik dari PLTU tersebut dilakukan secara bertahap dengan target hingga ke titik nol pada 2050. Untuk mewujudkan target tersebut, Indonesia perlu menambah pasokan energi bersih.
Salah satu usaha tercepat dan memungkinkan yaitu dengan memperbanyak pemasangan PLTS di atap bangunan, termasuk di rumah-rumah. Selain itu, untuk mewujudkan Indonesia bebas karbon pada 2050, dibutuhkan sekitar 10 miliar panel surya. Kendati demikian, Indonesia juga membutuhkan peta jalan pengembangan panel surya untuk program energi bersih jangka panjang, dengan pengadaan skala besar, hingga pasokan peralatan yang memadai.
Namun di balik itu, terdapat aturan dari PLTS Atap dengan PT PLN (Persero) yang menjadi perdebatan. Salah satu aturan yang sedang direvisi yaitu mengenai aturan ekspor dan impor listrik dari konsumen ke PT PLN (Persero). Akan tetapi, saat ini revisi tersebut telah disetujui sehingga menimbulkan banyak keuntungan bagi negara Indonesia, khususnya di sektor energi terbarukan.
Mengapa PLTS Atap?
![Ilustrasi pemasangan PLTS atap pada bangunan gedung, Peran PLTS Atap dalam Regulasi Pertumbuhan EBT, zonaebt.com](https://zonaebt.com/wp-content/uploads/Ilustrasi-pemasangan-PLTS-atap-di-bangunan-gedung-liputan6.com_.png)
Penggunaan PLTS Atap merupakan salah satu cara termudah bagi Indonesia untuk menambah dan mengoptimalkan pasokan energi bersih demi mewujudkan Indonesia bebas karbon. Karena dipasang di atas atap, PLTS tidak membutuhkan lahan khusus. Selain itu, biaya pemasangan PLTS ini juga dapat bersumber dari masyarakat itu sendiri maupun pihak swasta, bukan dari pemerintah.
Kementerian Energi dan Sumber Daya Mineral (ESDM) mencatat, per Desember 2023 telah terdapat 8.491 pelanggan PLN yang memasang PLTS Atap. Total kapasitas PLTS yang dipasang tersebut mencapai 141 megawatt. Jumlah PLTS yang dipasang tersebut baru sebagian kecil dari seluruh potensi yang terdapat di Indonesia, bahkan diperkirakan mencapai 500 ribu megawatt.
Namun, salah satu faktor persoalan Indonesia dalam penggunaan PLTS dengan skala besar yaitu faktor kestabilan pasokan listrik. Hal tersebut sangat wajar mengingat matahari tidak bersinar sepanjang hari, serta bergantung pada iklim atau cuaca, sehingga untuk mewujudkan dan mendukung pemanfaatan PLTS 100 persen, Indonesia membutuhkan fasilitas penyimpanan energi dengan total kapasitas sekitar 1.100 gigawatt untuk menyimpan daya selama 10 jam.
Baca Juga
- Isu Penurunan Target Bauran EBT Indonesia Pada 2025
- Efisiensi Energi: Menghadapi Tantangan Lingkungan dan Ekonomi
Persetujuan Revisi Aturan PLTS Atap
![Ilustrasi pemasangan PLTS atap pada rumah, Peran PLTS Atap dalam Regulasi Pertumbuhan EBT, zonaebt.com](https://zonaebt.com/wp-content/uploads/Ilustrasi-pemasangan-PLTS-atap-pada-rumah-artikel.warungenergi.com_.jpg)
Direktur Pusat Studi Kebijakan Publik (Puskepi), Sofyano Zakaria, menilai persetujuan Presiden Joko Widodo terkait revisi aturan penggunaan PLTS Atap dalam Permen ESDM No 26/2021, merupakan keberpihakan negara dalam menjaga keterjangkauan tarif listrik.
Permasalahan utamanya yaitu terkait dengan jual beli (ekspor impor) kelebihan daya PLTS Atap ke jaringan dan transmisi milik negara. Dengan dihapus atau tidak adanya jual beli tersebut, maka negara lebih mudah menentukan tarif listrik yang terjangkau bagi masyarakat, karena tarif listrik pasti terkendali karena dikontrol oleh negara.
Sofyano menuturkan bahwa, “Negara akan lebih mudah menentukan tarif karena daya yang dialirkan adalah daya hasil pembangkitan yang dikelola oleh negara tanpa campur tangan swasta”. Oleh karena itu, negara tidak akan membiarkan tarif listrik menjadi mahal hanya karena campur tangan swasta, atau dalam hal ini pengusaha PLTS Atap. “Di sini negara hadir dan saya nilai berpihak kepada masyarakat kecil. Rata-rata yang mampu memasang PLTS Atap adalah orang dengan golongan ekonomi menengah ke atas”, tambah Sofyano.
Revisi Permen ESDM Nomor 26 tahun 2021 mengenai PLTS Atap yang Terhubung ke Jaringan Tenaga Listrik Pemegang Izin Usaha Penyediaan Tenaga Listrik untuk Kepentingan Umum tersebut, tetap memberikan izin bagi masyarakat konsumen rumah tangga dan industri untuk menggunakan listrik yang dihasilkan oleh PLTS Atap sesuai dengan syarat yang berlaku. Pembangunan dan penggunaan PLTS tersebut hanya untuk penggunaan secara pribadi dan tidak untuk diperjualbelikan. Selain itu, pengguna PLTS Atap juga masih bisa menikmati listrik dengan menggunakan jaringan listrik milik PLN.
Baca Juga
- Pengembangan Energi Surya di Indonesia Perlu Dukungan Serius, Segera, dan Sistematis (3S) dari Berbagai Pihak
- Indikator Kemakmuran Negara Melalui Pemenuhan Energi Listrik
Pengaruh Revisi Aturan PLTS dalam Investasi di Sektor EBT
Persetujuan Pemerintah atas revisi aturan PLTS Atap dipastikan mampu membuka peluang bagi investasi PLTS Atap dalam sektor energi baru terbarukan. Sehingga publik juga dapat berperan aktif dalam mengoptimalkan transisi energi di Indonesia. Direktur Asosiasi Ekonomi dan Politik Indonesia (AEPI), Salamudin Daeng, menyatakan bahwa persetujuan pemerintah atas revisi Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Surya (PLTS) Atap dapat menghasilkan pertumbuhan investasi dalam sektor energi baru dan terbarukan.
Salamudin menilai bahwa langkah ini tidak hanya memicu pertumbuhan ekonomi, namun juga mendukung transisi energi dan pengurangan emisi karbon tanpa membebani anggaran negara. Investasi mandiri PLTS Atap juga dianggap tidak akan mengganggu harga atau tarif dasar listrik yang berlaku. Sehingga pemerintah dapat tetap mengendalikan tarif listrik agar tetap terjangkau bagi masyarakat.
Namun, Salamudin juga mengingatkan pemerintah Indonesia untuk waspada terhadap isu power wheeling yang berisiko masuk dalam pembahasan Rancangan Undang-undang Energi Baru dan Energi Terbarukan (EBET). Konsep power wheeling dinilai memiliki risiko serupa dengan jual beli (ekspor impor) listrik yang dihapus pada aturan PLTS Atap. Risiko tersebut salah satunya dapat meningkatkan tarif listrik dan membuka peluang bagi kepentingan asing dalam menguasai sektor ketenagalistrikan di tanah air.
#ZonaEBT #SebarTerbarukan #EBTHeroes
Editor: Devi Oktaviana
Referensi
[1] Mengapa PLTS Atap Jadi Transisi Tercepat
[2] Revisi Aturan PLTS Atap Disetujui, Puskepi: Tarif Listrik Tetap Terjangkau
[3] Revisi Aturan PLTS Atap Dorong Investasi Energi Baru dan Terbarukan
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