Wajib Tahu! 3 Jenis Panel Surya dan Prinsip Kerjanya

sumber : unsplash.com
  • Panel Surya Monokristalin
  • Panel Surya Polikristalin
  • Panel Surya Thin Film

Panel surya adalah sebuah teknologi hasil adaptasi dari energi matahari menjadi energi listrik. Panel surya juga dikenal dengan sebutan solar panel, dan menjadi salah satu solusi penggunaan energi baru dan terbarukan. Mengingat energi matahari yang tak terbatas, dan dapat terus digunakan dalam jangka waktu yang lama, maka pembangkit listrik tenaga matahari hadir sebagai salah satu solusi penggunaan energi listrik agar lebih efektif.

Sobat EBT Heroes, panel surya merupakan bahan semikonduktor yang terdiri dari dua lapisan tipis elektroda sehingga membentuk rangkaian solar cell atau sel surya. Lapisan elektroda yang terkena matahari akan menghasilkan elektron yang kemudian disalurkan menjadi energi listrik. Panel surya dapat digunakan dalam skala industri maupun rumahan, jasa pemasangan panel surya saat ini bisa ditemukan dengan mudah bahkan terdapat banyak tutorial memasang panel surya secara sederhana di rumah yang dapat diterapkan oleh setiap masyarakat. Oleh sebab itu, sebelum menggunakan panel surya sebagai pengganti listrik konvensional, Sobat EBT Heroes perlu mengetahui jenis panel surya sebagai langkah efektivitas penggunaannya. Berikut, 3 jenis panel surya dan prinsip kerjanya.

Panel Surya Monokristalin

sumber : unsplash.com

Panel surya monokristalin merupakan panel surya yang populer digunakan dalam skala panel surya rumahan. Mono yang berarti satu, panel surya monokristalin terbuat dari satu kristal silikon tunggal, yang melalui proses teknologi canggih, sehingga efisiensi panel surya monokristalin lebih tinggi menyerap energi matahari.

Prinsip kerja panel surya monokristalin adalah menyerap energi matahari mencapai lebih dari 22% sehingga menciptakan arus searah yang diubah melalui inverter menjadi arus AC, kemudian energi tersebut dialirkan menuju perangkat listrik, Keuntungan panel surya monokristalin adalah penyerapan energinya yang tinggi. Selain itu, panel surya monokristalin lebih tahan akan suhu panas yang lebih ekstrim. Monokristalin lebih stabil saat berada dibawah suhu tinggi sehingga dapat dapat bertahan dengan lingkungan yang sangat panas. Perbedaan paling mencolok dari panel surya monokristalin adalah warna yang hitam diseluruh bagian, serta bentuk segi delapan monokristalin.

Sobat EBT Heroes, panel surya monokristalin memiliki efektifitas yang tinggi serta keuntungan yang beragam. sehingga kelemahan dari panel surya monokristalin adalah harganya yang relatif mahal. Meskipun panel surya monokristalin memiliki harga yang relatif mahal, mono kristalin tetap menjadi salah satu solar cell yang populer digunakan oleh masyarakat khususnya pengguna skala rumahan.

Panel Surya Polikristalin

sumber : unsplash.com

Sobat EBT Heroes, panel surya polikristalin merupakan panel surya yang sangat cocok bagi setiap orang yang ingin memulai mencoba memasang panel surya di rumah, karena panel surya polikristalin memiliki harga yang relatif lebih murah dibanding panel surya monokristalin. Hal tersebut disebabkan karena daya penyerapan energi yang dihasilkan oleh panel surya polikristalin lebih rendah daripada panel surya monokristalin.

Panel surya polikristalin terdiri dari beberapa kristal silikon yang dilebur lalu digabungkan dalam satu wadah, panel surya polikristalin memiliki warna biru yang cerah dengan bentuk persegi panjang pada setiap solar cellI-nya.

Prinsip kerja panel surya polikristalin sama dengan panel-panel lainnya, melakukan penyerapan lalu menghasilkan arus searah yang kemudian diubah menjadi arus bolak-balik dan dialirkan ke sistem energi listrik. Meskipun, panel surya polikristalin memiliki daya penyerapan yang lebih rendah tetapi konsep polikristalin lebih sederhana daripada panel lain, tampilan dan warna panel surya polikristalin lebih menarik serta limbah yang dihasilkan oleh polikristalin lebih sedikit.

Sobat EBT Heroes, panel surya polikristalin merupakan jenis solar cell yang paling umum digunakan oleh pemula yang sedang ingin beralih ke energi baru dan terbarukan. Harga polikristalin yang terjangkau serta tampilannya yang menarik menjadi salah satu daya tarik untuk menggunakan panel surya polikrisralin, meskipun kekuatan daya yang dihasilkan lebih rendah daripada panel surya monokristalin. Hal tersebut tentu sebanding dengan harga dan keuntungan yang diperoleh saat menggunakan panel surya polikristalin.

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Panel Surya Thin Film

sumber : unsplash.com

Sobat EBT Heroes, berbeda dengan panel surya monokristalin dan polikristalin yang terbuat dari kristal silikon, panel surya thin film merupakan panel surya yang terbuat dari teknologi film dengan ukuran yang tipis, terdiri dari bahan lapisan tipis seperti indium gallium tembaga, tellurium kadmium dan silikon amorf, bahan-bahan tersebut melalui proses teknologi sehingga bermuara menjadi panel surya thin film.

Prinsip kerja panel surya thin film sama seperti panel surya yang lain. Panel surya thin film lebih sering digunakan dalam skala industri karena sifat panel surya thin film yang lebih fleksibel sehingga dapat dipasang di berbagai tempat, kinerja panel yang dapat menyerap dalam suhu rendah, serta jauh lebih ringan daripada panel surya silikon. Namun, penyerapan panel surya thin film lebih rendah dari panel yang terbuat dari kristal silikon, sehingga perlu banyak menggunakan panel surya thin dalam pemasangannya.

Baca Juga


Penggunaan Panel Surya Sebagai Pengganti Bahan Bakar Kapal Nelayan

Pasang Panel Surya di Rumah Bikin Hemat Listrik


Sobat EBT Heroes, panel surya merupakan energi baru dan terbarukan yang dapat dijadikan pilihan bagi para penggiat lingkungan yang lebih sehat, penggunaan bahan bakar habis pakai dan diganti dengan energi matahari yang bersifat terbarukan. Mengetahui jenis dan prinsip kerja panel surya dapat menjadi acuan penggunaan solar cell dalam skala rumahan maupun industri. Saat ini teknologi telah mengalami kemajuan panel surya dapat di beli dengan mudah sehingga semakin mudah untuk beralih ke energi baru dan terbarukan.

#energiterbarukan #zonaebt #sobatheroes

Editor: Himatul Azqiya

Refersensi :

3 Tipe Panel Surya yang Bisa Menjadi Pilihan untuk Rumah Anda

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177 Comment

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