Mendorong Pengembangan Energi Terbarukan Melalui Pemanfaatan Transmisi Bersama

Jakarta, 25 September 2024 – Penetapan skema pemanfaatan bersama jaringan transmisi (wheeling) untuk mempercepat pemanfaatan energi terbarukan pada Rancangan Undang-Undang Energi Baru dan Energi Terbarukan (RUU EBET) masih menjadi pembahasan pemerintah dan Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat (DPR). Institute for Essential Services Reform (IESR) mendorong penerapan skema ini terkhusus untuk energi terbarukan sebagai solusi strategis untuk memperluas akses ramah lingkungan bagi konsumen listrik, terutama industri, meningkatkan adopsi teknologi energi terbarukan, mencapai target bauran energi terbarukan, dan ambisi nol emisi karbon atau net zero emissions 2060 atau lebih cepat.

Deon Arinaldo, Manajer Program Transformasi Sistem Energi di IESR, mengungkapkan kebutuhan industri terhadap energi terbarukan meningkat seiring dengan tuntutan pasar internasional dengan berbagai kebijakan pengetatan emisinya. Tuntutan ini akan semakin ketat, mengisyaratkan bahwa kebutuhan energi terbarukan juga dapat meningkat lebih cepat dalam waktu dekat. Menurutnya, pemerintah perlu menyediakan solusi yang menjawab kebutuhan tersebut, menimbang lambatnya pengembangan energi terbarukan di Indonesia dan tren target bauran energi terbarukan yang belum tercapai.

“Kepastian akan akses yang luas terhadap energi terbarukan perlu segera disediakan untuk menjawab kebutuhan industri, baik melalui power wheeling, atau mekanisme lainnya. Perusahaan multinasional terutama yang tergabung dalam grup RE100, sudah banyak menargetkan 100 persen penggunaan energi terbarukan paling lambat pada 2050. Kepastian akses terhadap listrik energi terbarukan akan membantu perusahaan tersebut dalam memenuhi target dekarbonisasi, termasuk melalui elektrifikasi rantai pasoknya. Jadi akses ke energi terbarukan menjadi faktor penentu keputusan industri untuk berinvestasi lagi di Indonesia ke depannya,” papar Deon dalam Webinar Urgensi dan Akselerasi Pengembangan Energi Terbarukan Melalui Pemanfaatan Bersama Jaringan (Power Wheeling) yang diselenggarakan oleh IESR, pada Rabu (25/9/2024).

Deon menegaskan, mekanisme power wheeling ini perlu disesuaikan dengan konteks Indonesia dengan tujuan penyediaan energi terbarukan dan mengoptimalkan penggunaan jaringan listrik yang ada. Untuk itu, diperlukan mekanisme yang memberikan kompensasi yang wajar kepada PT Perusahaan Listrik Negara (PLN) sebagai pemilik jaringan, namun tetap kompetitif bagi konsumen energi terbarukan, seperti perusahaan anggota RE100 yang memiliki komitmen menggunakan 100 persen energi terbarukan.

His Muhammad Bintang, Koordinator Grup Riset Sumber Daya Energi dan Listrik, IESR, menambahkan  bahwa penggunaan jaringan listrik yang ada melalui skema power wheeling dapat menjadi strategi untuk mempercepat pengembangan energi terbarukan. Skema ini membuka peluang bagi partisipasi swasta sehingga proyek energi terbarukan dapat direalisasikan lebih cepat dibandingkan dengan proses yang selama ini masih tersentralisasi.

“Partisipasi pasar dan swasta diperkirakan akan meningkatkan daya saing biaya listrik dan mendorong pengembangan ekosistem teknologi energi terbarukan dalam negeri. Namun, salah satu tantangan yang harus diperhatikan adalah potensi kelebihan kapasitas (overcapacity)pembangkit listrik, baik yang sudah ada maupun yang sedang direncanakan, yang tidak terserap oleh konsumen. Oleh karena itu, pemerintah perlu memastikan bahwa mekanisme power wheeling ini dirancang sedemikian rupa agar sesuai dengan kebutuhan konsumen, khususnya sektor industri yang membutuhkan label hijau untuk meningkatkan daya saing produk mereka di pasar ekspor,” tegas Bintang.

Menurut Bintang, regulasi yang lebih rinci terkait power wheeling juga perlu segera disusun, termasuk aturan pembatasan skema hanya untuk energi terbarukan, besaran wheeling charge (biaya penggunaan jaringan), serta strategi penguatan jaringan listrik. Skema ini juga dapat diterapkan secara bertahap untuk menguji efektivitasnya dan menyempurnakan kebijakan terkait.

IESR menilai, dengan adanya klausul pemanfaatan bersama jaringan transmisi atau power wheeling dalam RUU EBET, maka dapat mengurangi keraguan industri akan ketersediaan akses energi terbarukan. Sehingga, Indonesia akan berada di jalur yang tepat untuk mempercepat transisi energi dan mencapai target bauran energi terbarukan yang lebih ambisius, mendukung upaya global dalam memitigasi perubahan iklim.

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