- Indonesia merupakan negara terbesar ke-2 sebagai produsen panas bumi terbesar di dunia setelah Amerika
- Energi panas bumi di Indonesia ditemukan pertama kali pada tahun 1918
- Ada tujuh perusahaan besar di Indonesia yang bergerak dibidang eksplorasi energi panas bumi
Indonesia menempati peringkat kedua sebagai produsen energi geothermal terbesar di dunia, setelah Amerika Serikat. Dikutip dari laman ThinkGeoEnergy, total energi yang terpasang di Indonesia mencapai 2.356 MW pada Januari 2023.
Sejarah panas bumi di Indonesia bermula pada tahun 1918, ketika seorang Belanda bernama JB Van Dijk menemukan potensi panas bumi di wilayah Kamojang, Jawa Barat. Pada tahun yang sama perusahaan dari Larnderello, Italia telah berhasil mengembangkan energi panas bumi untuk membangkitkan tenaga listrik. Terinspirasi oleh kesuksesan pengembangan energi panas bumi di Larderello tersebut, sebuah perusahaan Belanda melakukan pengeboran sumur dangkal dengan kedalaman 60 – 128 meter dari tahun 1926 hingga 1927 di wilayah panas bumi Kamojang. Salah satunya, sumur KMJ-3 yang sukses dan masih menghasilkan aliran listrik hingga saat ini.
Pada tahun 1974, Pertamina mulai melakukan eksplorasi dan studi lebih lanjut tentang sumber daya panas bumi di Kamojang, bekerja sama dengan Selandia Baru. Kemudian pada tahun 1978, pembangkit listrik tenaga panas bumi pertama di Indonesia mulai beroperasi di Kamojang dengan kapasitas terpasang sebesar 0,25 MW. Saat ini, PLTP Kamojang memiliki lima pembangkit dengan total kapasitas terpasang mencapai 235 MW, menjadikannya salah satu PLTP terbesar di Indonesia. Sejak pembangkit Kamojang beroperasi, banyak perusahaan yang mulai mengembangkan sumber daya panas bumi di berbagai lokasi di Jawa, Sumatera, dan Indonesia Timur. Perusahaan-perusahaan yang telah berhasil mengembangkan energi panas bumi diantaranya:
PT. Pertamina Geothermal Energy Tbk.
PT. Pertamina Geothermal Energy (PGE) merupakan pionir dan pemimpin dalam industri panas bumi di Indonesia. Perusahaan ini merupakan pelopor dalam pembangunan pembangkit listrik tenaga panas bumi pertama di Indonesia, yaitu pembangkit Kamojang pada tahun 1978, bekerja sama dengan Selandia Baru.
PGE mengelola dan menyediakan uap panas penggerak turbin untuk 21 pembangkit listrik tenaga panas bumi di enam wilayah kerja yang meliputi Kamojang, Sibayak Sumatera Utara, Ulubelu, Lahendong, Lumut Balai Sumatera Selatan, dan Karaha Jawa Barat. Kapasitas terpasang dari 21 pembangkit tersebut mencapai 672 MW.
Selain operasi langsung tersebut, PGE memiliki kontrak kerja sama dengan beberapa operator panas bumi dalam mengoperasikan pembangkit listrik mereka, dengan total kapasitas terpasang mencapai 1.205 MW.
Pada tanggal 24 Februari 2023, Pertamina Geothermal Energy menjadi perusahaan publik. Dengan dana segar sebesar 594 juta USD yang diperoleh dari penawaran saham perdana (IPO), PGE memiliki rencana untuk menambah kapasitas terpasang sebanyak 600 MW pada tahun 2027, seperti yang diungkapkan oleh CEO mereka, Ahmad Yuniarto. Daftar pembangkit listrik panas bumi milik PT. Pertamina Geothermal Energy:
• PLTP Kamojang di Jawa Barat
• PLTP Lahendong di Sulawesi
• PLTP Ulubelu di Lampung, Sumatera
• PLTP Lumut Balai di Sumatera Selatan
• PLTP Karaha Bodas di Jawa Barat
• PLTP Sibayak di Sumatera Utara
BACA JUGA
- Pecinta Kopi, Sudah Tahu Belum? Indonesia punya Geothermal Coffee Process
- Peran Energi Panas Bumi Dalam Transisi Energi Global
Star Energy Geothermal
Didirikan pada tahun 2003, Star Energy Geothermal adalah produsen energi panas bumi terbesar di Indonesia dan memimpin dalam bidang energi terbarukan. Saat ini, Star Energy Geothermal mengelola dan mengoperasikan pembangkit listrik tenaga panas bumi di Indonesia dan lapangan uap dengan kapasitas bruto sebesar 886 MW.
Daftar pembangkit listrik panas bumi milik Star Energy Geothermal :
• PLTP Salak di Jawa Barat
• PLTP Darajat di Jawa Barat
• PLTP Wayang Windu di Jawa Barat
• PLTP Hamiding di Maluku Utara
• PLTP Sekincau di Lampung, Sumatera
PT. Geo Dipa Energy
Pemerintah Indonesia mendirikan Geo Dipa Energy pada tahun 2002 dengan tujuan mengembangkan dan mengoperasikan pembangkit listrik tenaga panas bumi Dieng dan Patuha. Total kapasitas energi dari PT. Geo Dipa Energy sebesar 125 MW.
Daftar pembangkit listrik panas bumi milik PT. Geo Dipa Energy :
• PLTP Dieng Unit 1 dan 2 di Jawa Tengah
• PLTP Patuha Unit 1 dan 2 di Jawa Barat
KS Orka Renewables
KS Orka Renewables, didirikan pada tahun 2015, mengelola dan mengoperasikan empat stasiun panas bumi di Sumatera Utara dan Flores. Berikut pembangkit listrik yang dioperasikan KS Orka Renewables :
• PLTP Sorik Marapi Unit 1, 2, dan 3 di Sumatera Utara
• PLTP Sokoria di Flores.
Proyek sekarang :
• Pembangunan Stasiun Sorik Marapi Unit 4
• Eksplorasi di wilayah kerja panas bumi Samosir di Sumatera Utara
Berikut adalah anak perusahaan KS Orka Renewables yang beroperasi :
• PT Sorik Marapi Geothermal Power
• PT Sokoria Geothermal Indonesia
• PT Samosir Geothermal Power
BACA JUGA
- Top 10 Titans of Geothermal Energy Plants in the World
- Geothermal Energy’s New Horizons in Indonesia and Turkey
PT. Supreme Energy
PT Supreme Energy didirikan pada tahun 2007 oleh para profesional yang memiliki pengalaman dan pengetahuan luas di sektor energi di Indonesia, serta telah terlibat langsung dalam industri minyak dan gas serta pengembangan dan operasi panas bumi selama 40 tahun terakhir. Supreme Energy menandatangani Perjanjian Pembelian Tenaga Listrik (PPA) pada tahun 2012 untuk mengembangkan tiga wilayah kerja panas bumi, dan merupakan salah satu perintis perusahaan swasta dalam produksi listrik panas bumi di Indonesia. Daftar pembangkit listrik panas bumi milik PT. Supreme Energy :
• PLTP Muara Laboh di Sumatera Barat
• PLTP Rajabasa di Lampung, Sumatera
• PLTP Rantau Dedap di Sumatera Selatan
Sarulla Operations Ltd
Sarulla Operations Limited adalah konsorsium yang terdiri dari Medco Power Indonesia, INPEX, Ormat Technologies, Itochu Corporation, dan Kyushu Electric Power. Konsorsium ini didirikan pada tahun 2006 setelah diberi penghargaan oleh PLN, perusahaan listrik nasional Indonesia, untuk mengambil alih pengembangan proyek panas bumi Sarulla di Sumatera Utara.
Sumber daya panas bumi Sarulla yang pertama kali ditemukan oleh Unocal di Sumatera Utara telah melalui tahap eksplorasi yang luas dari tahun 1993 hingga 1998. Unocal melakukan pengeboran sebanyak 13 sumur dan mengkonfirmasi adanya cadangan panas bumi komersial sebesar 330 MW selama 30 tahun. Namun, karena krisis keuangan Asia pada tahun 1997, Unocal tidak dapat melanjutkan pembangunan pembangkit listrik tersebut. Sarulla Operations Limited kemudian menyelesaikan pembangunan pembangkit listrik pertamanya pada bulan Maret 2017, diikuti oleh stasiun kedua pada bulan Oktober 2017, dan stasiun ketiga pada bulan Maret 2018, dengan total investasi sebesar 1,7 miliar USD. Berikut tiga pembangkit listrik yang dioperasikan SOL:
• PLTP Silangkitang (SIL) Unit 1
• PLTP Namora-I-Langit (NIL) Unit 1
• PLTP Namora-I-Langit (NIL) Unit 2
PT. PLN Gas & Geothermal
PLN Gas dan Panas Bumi adalah anak perusahaan Perusahaan Listrik Negara (PLN), perusahaan listrik nasional Indonesia. Sebagai distributor tunggal listrik di Indonesia, selain membeli listrik dari seluruh operator panas bumi independen, PLN juga mengoperasikan beberapa pembangkit listrik tenaga panas bumi milik sendiri. Berikut pembangkit panas bumi yang dioperasikan PLN :
• PLTP Ulubelu Unit 1 dan Unit 2
• PLTP Kamojang Unit 1, Unit 2, dan Unit 3
• PLTP Ulumbu Unit 1,2,3,4
• PLTP Mataloko
PT. PLN Gas & Geothermal juga punya rencana untuk menghasilkan lebih banyak uap panas bumi dari wilayah kerja panas buminya. Saat ini pihaknya sedang mencari investor internasional dan nasional untuk bermitra dan berkolaborasi mengembangkan empat proyek panas bumi berikut:
• Tulehu 20 MW di Maluku Tengah
• Atadel 10 MW di Nusa Tenggara Timur
• Songa Wayaua 10 MW di Maluku Utara
• Tangkuban Perahu 20 MW di Jawa Barat
#ZonaEBT #SebarTerbarukan #EBTHeroes
Editor: Bellinda Putri Hidayat
Referensi:
[1] Sejarah Pembangkit Listrik Bersumber Energi Panas bumi di Indonesia
[2] PEMBANGKIT LISTRIK TENAGA GEOTHERMAL DI INDONESIA
[3] PGE Segera Operasikan PLTP yang Memanfaatkan Uap Basah Panas Bumi
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