Kenali Kebijakan Karbon yang Berlaku di Indonesia

kebijakan karbon. zonaebt.com
Ilustrasi pajak karbon. Sumber: freepik.com
  • Indonesia berada di peringkat 10 sebagai produsen emisi karbon terbesar di dunia.
  • Pemerintah berkomitmen untuk mencapai net zero emission pada tahun 2050.
  • Menerapkan pajak karbon adalah salah satu upaya pemerintah.

Saat ini, tantangan utama yang dihadapi dunia adalah perubahan iklim terhadap karbon yang membawa risiko serius bagi kelangsungan hidup semua bentuk kehidupan di planet ini. Perubahan iklim menghasilkan berbagai konsekuensi berbahaya, seperti peningkatan suhu yang ekstrem, krisis pangan, potensi bencana alam yang lebih tinggi, kenaikan permukaan air laut, ancaman terhadap keberlangsungan flora dan fauna, serta risiko yang meningkat terhadap kesehatan manusia.

Data dari Emission Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR) menunjukkan bahwa pada 2020, Indonesia berada di peringkat ke-10 sebagai produsen emisi karbon terbesar di dunia. Selain itu, pada 2022, emisi karbon di Indonesia mencapai 2,7 miliar ton atau sekitar 3,7% dari total emisi karbon global. Lonjakan emisi karbon di Indonesia disebabkan oleh berbagai faktor, termasuk pertumbuhan ekonomi, meningkatnya konsumsi energi, dan perubahan dalam pola konsumsi masyarakat.

Untuk mengatasi dampak perubahan iklim secara global, Pemerintah Indonesia berkomitmen untuk mencapai net zero emission pada 2050, sesuai dengan kesepakatan Paris Agreement (2015). Upaya serius ini tercermin dalam Peraturan Presiden Nomor 18 Tahun 2020 tentang Rencana Pembangunan Jangka Menengah Tahun 2020-2024, yang mencerminkan keseriusan dalam menghadapi tantangan kebijakan karbon.

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Salah satu tindakan konkret yang telah diambil oleh pemerintah adalah penerapan pajak karbon. Pajak ini dikenakan pada pembelian barang dengan tingkat emisi karbon yang tinggi atau aktivitas yang menghasilkan emisi karbon. Tujuan dari pengenaan pajak karbon ini adalah mengubah perilaku masyarakat dan industri, serta mendorong mereka beralih ke aktivitas ekonomi yang memiliki emisi karbon yang lebih rendah.

Langkah ini merupakan bukti nyata dari keseriusan pemerintah Indonesia dalam mencapai target net zero emission pada 2050. Melalui langkah-langkah inovatif seperti pajak karbon, Indonesia berupaya aktif dalam mengurangi emisi karbon secara global dan menjaga masa depan bumi bagi generasi mendatang. Artikel ini akan membahas lebih lanjut tentang kebijakan karbon di Indonesia, dampaknya, serta upaya yang dilakukan untuk mencapai target nol emisi bersih.

Kebijakan Karbon di Indonesia

Rapat Bahas Optimalisasi Kebijakan Perdagangan Karbon. Sumber: presidenri.go.id

Dalam upayanya untuk mengurangi emisi karbon dan mengatasi dampak perubahan iklim, Pemerintah Indonesia telah menerapkan beragam kebijakan. Kebijakan-kebijakan tersebut bertujuan untuk mengurangi emisi karbon di berbagai sektor, seperti energi, transportasi, industri, dan pertanian.

Salah satu kebijakan utama yang diterapkan adalah Peraturan Presiden Nomor 98 Tahun 2021 tentang Penyelenggaraan Nilai Ekonomi Karbon. Peraturan ini menciptakan kerangka kerja bagi perdagangan karbon di Indonesia, memungkinkan pihak yang mengurangi emisi karbon untuk menjual kredit karbon mereka kepada pihak yang masih menghasilkan emisi karbon. Pendekatan perdagangan karbon ini diharapkan berjalan efektif untuk menekan emisi karbon di berbagai sektor.

Selain itu, Rencana Aksi Nasional Penurunan Emisi Gas Rumah Kaca (RAN-GRK) 2020-2030 adalah langkah konkret dalam upaya penurunan emisi karbon. RAN-GRK menetapkan target ambisius, yaitu mengurangi emisi karbon sebesar 29% pada 2030 secara mandiri dan 41% dengan dukungan internasional. Hal ini sejalan dengan komitmen Indonesia dalam Paris Agreement dan diikuti dengan sejumlah strategi dan program, termasuk meningkatkan penggunaan energi baru dan terbarukan (EBT), efisiensi energi, serta upaya mengurangi deforestasi dan degradasi hutan.

Rencana Pembangunan Jangka Menengah Nasional (RPJMN) 2020-2024 juga memainkan peran penting dalam mengurangi emisi karbon. RPJMN menetapkan target ambisius, termasuk meningkatkan penggunaan energi baru dan terbarukan menjadi 23% pada tahun 2025. Selain itu, target pengurangan deforestasi sebesar 20% pada tahun 2024 juga menjadi bagian integral dalam upaya mengurangi emisi karbon di sektor kehutanan.

Tantangan Penerapan Kebijakan Karbon di Indonesia

Ilustrasi pajak karbon. Sumber: freepik.com

Proses implementasi kebijakan karbon di Indonesia menghadapi sejumlah tantangan yang memerlukan perhatian serius. Salah satu tantangan utama adalah kurangnya kesadaran di kalangan masyarakat tentang pentingnya mengurangi emisi karbon. Adanya pemahaman yang terbatas mengenai dampak emisi karbon terhadap perubahan iklim menjadi hambatan signifikan. Oleh karena itu, perlu dilakukan upaya edukasi dan kampanye yang intensif untuk meningkatkan kesadaran masyarakat tentang urgensi mengurangi emisi karbon sebagai kontribusi penting dalam melindungi lingkungan dan iklim.

Selain kurangnya kesadaran, kelangkaan data dan informasi yang akurat juga menjadi tantangan serius. Data dan informasi yang akurat dan komprehensif sangat dibutuhkan dalam perumusan, pelaksanaan, dan pemantauan kebijakan karbon. Saat ini, masih ada keterbatasan dalam ketersediaan data yang memadai terkait emisi karbon di Indonesia. Oleh karena itu, perlu upaya bersama untuk mengumpulkan, memproses, dan menyediakan data yang akurat guna mendukung perencanaan dan pelaksanaan kebijakan karbon yang efektif.

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Tantangan lain yang dihadapi adalah kurangnya koordinasi yang optimal antar-pihak yang terlibat dalam implementasi kebijakan karbon. Penerapan kebijakan karbon memerlukan kerja sama yang erat antara pemerintah, sektor swasta, dan masyarakat. Namun, koordinasi ini seringkali masih belum mencapai tingkat optimal yang diperlukan untuk mencapai hasil yang maksimal dalam mengurangi emisi karbon.

Pemerintah Indonesia perlu mengatasi tantangan-tantangan ini dengan serius guna memastikan efektivitas penerapan kebijakan karbon di tanah air. Selain itu, perlu adanya partisipasi aktif dari masyarakat dalam upaya mengurangi emisi karbon. Dengan sinergi yang kuat antara pemerintah, sektor swasta, dan masyarakat, diharapkan Indonesia dapat meraih kesuksesan dalam menghadapi tantangan perubahan iklim dan menjaga keberlanjutan lingkungan.

#zonaebt #sebarterbarukan #ebtheroes

Editor: Tika Sari Safitri

Referensi

[1] IMPLEMENTASI PAJAK KARBON DI INDONESIA: POTENSI PENERIMAAN NEGARA DAN PENURUNAN JUMLAH EMISI KARBON

[2] Apa itu pajak karbon/carbon tax?

[3] Implementasi Pajak Karbon di Tahun 2022, Antara Rencana dan Tantangan

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