- Apa Itu Pump Storage?
- PLTA Pertama Di Indonesia Yang Menggunakan Pump Storage
- Dampak PLTA Upper Pump Storage Pada Masyarakat dan Satwa
PLTA Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage 1040 MW merupakan wujud komitmen PLN dalam mencapai target bauran energi baru terbarukan (EBT) 23% di 2025 dan Net Zero Emission (NZE) di 2060. Menjadi PLTA tipe pumped storage pertama di Indonesia, PLTA ini memiliki keunggulan dalam penyimpanan energi, fleksibilitas, dan ramah lingkungan. Manfaatnya termasuk meningkatkan pasokan dan keandalan energi, mengurangi emisi gas rumah kaca, dan mendorong pertumbuhan ekonomi.
Apa Itu Pump Storage?
Pump Storage merupakan suatu metode pengumpulan air pada wadah untuk menghasilkan energi listrik yang memanfaatkan energi potensial dari perbedaan tinggi antara dua reservoir (wadah) air yang saling terhubung pada suatu pipa. Nantinya, pada saat kebutuhan listrik tinggi, misalnya pada siang hari, air pada reservoir atas akan mengalir ke reservoir bawah untuk mengaktifkan listrik pada generator melalui turbin yang digerakkan oleh air pada pipa tersebut. Namun, ketika kebutuhan listrik rendah, misalnya pada malam hari dan akhir pekan, air akan dipompa oleh generator melalui pipa dari reservoir bawah ke reservoir atas untuk ditampung kembali.
Pada tahun 1890, ide pertama terkait pembuatan pump storage di Italia dan Swiss. Pump Storage pertama dibuat pada tahun 1909 di Schaffhausen, Swiss, menghasilkan daya sebesar 1,5 MW yang menggunakan turbin dan pompa yang terpisah. Pada tahun 1929, mulai dibangun pump storage pertama menggunakan pompa reversible (reversible pump) adalah di Sungai Rocky, Amerika Serikat. Reversible pump-turbine ini memiliki efisiensi yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan pompa dan turbin yang terpisah.
Pump storage mempunyai cara kerja sebagai berikut:
- Air ditampung pada dua reservoir dengan ketinggian berbeda dan dihubungkan melalui pipa yang terhubung dengan mesin generator.
- Saat kebutuhan listrik tinggi, katup pada pipa reservoir atas terbuka dan air akan mengalir ke reservoir bawah melewati generator untuk menggerakkan turbin agar menghasilkan listrik.
- Saat kebutuhan listrik rendah, generator akan menggunakan listrik untuk memompa air pada reservoir bawah menuju reservoir atas untuk ditampung dan digunakan kembali ketika dibutuhkan
Baca Juga
- PLTA Kayan Cascade Pemasok Listrik Ibu Kota Nusantara
- Kunci Keberlanjutan: Peran Utama Energi Terbarukan
PLTA Pertama Di Indonesia Yang Menggunakan Pump Storage
Pada media, Executive Vice President Konstruksi Jawa, Madura, Bali, Maluku, Papua dan Nusa Tenggara PT PLN (Persero) , Ratnasari Sjamsuddin mengatakan, PLTA Upper Cisokan merupakan yang pertama dibangun di Indonesia oleh PLN. Proyek ini ditargetkan selesai 2026 dengan estimasi biayanya Rp 8 triliun dalam 4 paket project di luas lahan 700 ha. Dia pun memastikan pembangunan PLTA tersebut seiring dengan komitmen pemerintah dalam menurunkan emisi Gas Rumah Kaca sebesar 29% terhadap proyeksi skenario bisnis yang dijalankan secara biasa (business as usual) pada tahun 2030 dan mencapai Net Zero Emission (NZE) pada 2060.
Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Air (PLTA) Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage (UCPS) yang berada di Kecamatan Rongga, Kabupaten Bandung Barat (KBB) sekarang masih proses pembangunan. Proyek PLTA UCPS itu diklaim akan menjadi PLTA terbesar dan pembangkit pertama yang menggunakan teknologi Pump Storage di Indonesia yang memiliki kapasitas 4 x 260 megawatt (MW). Selain itu, PLTA Upper Cisokan disebut sebagai pembangkit listrik terbesar di Indonesia mengungguli PLTA Cirata dengan daya tampung 1008 mega watt.
“PLTA Upper Cisokan ini untuk menampung listrik, baterai raksasa di pembangkit ini bisa menyimpan listrik sebesar 1040 MW,” ujar Executive Vice President Konstruksi Jawa, Madura, Bali, Maluku, Papua dan Nusa Tenggara PT PLN (Persero) , Ratnasari Sjamsuddin di Bandung Barat, beberapa waktu lalu. Menurutnya, baterai raksasa tersebut dipastikan siap menjaga keandalan sistem kelitrikan yang ada di Jawa, Madura, dan Bali. “Jadi tidak hanya di Jawa Barat tapi seluruh Jawa,” ungkapnya.
Selain daya tampung listrik yang besar, PLTA Upper Cisokam juga diklaim memiliki sistem pembangkit pertama yang menggunakan teknologi Pump Storage di Indonesia. “Maka dengan ini akan lebih save, lebih andal dengan adanya PLTA Upper Cisokan ini, karena PLTA ini adalah PLTA yang berfungsi sebagai Pump Storage, kita sebut kaya baterai raksasa,” papar Ratna.
Dengan pembangunan PLTA Upper Cisokan ini kita makin tahu Indonesia sudah memasuki masa peralihan yaitu dengan beralih dari energi fosil yang tidak dapat digunakan terus menerus menjadi menggunakan energi air yang bersifat keberlanjutan dan selaras dengan komitmen PLN dalam mencapai target bauran energi baru terbarukan (EBT) 23% di 2025 dan Net Zero Emission (NZE) di 2060.
Baca Juga
- Revolusi Hijau: Memahami Potensi dan Tantangan Penggunaan Energi Hidroelektrik
- Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Air Jadi Sumber EBT Paling Besar di Indonesia
Dampak PLTA Upper Pump Storage Pada Masyarakat dan Satwa
Berdasarkan rangkaian survei keanekaragaman hayati di sekitar area proyek PLTA UCPS, terdata adanya 36 spesies mamalia darat, 114 spesies burung, 48 spesies reptil, dan 17 spesies ikan. Lebih pentingnya lagi, temuan ini mencakup beberapa spesies yang termasuk dalam daftar Critically Endangered or Endangered (Terancam Kritis atau Genting) dari International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Trenggiling, Surili, dan Kukang Jawa.
Sesuai dengan misi PT PLN (Persero) menjalankan kegiatan usaha yang berwawasan lingkungan dan mendukung Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) tujuan ke-15, Ekosistem Daratan, PLN UIP JBT melakukan rangkaian kegiatan konservasi hutan di daerah tangkapan air PLTA UCPS dan sekitarnya. Kegiatan konservasi hutan ini meliputi pelaksanaan kegiatan reboisasi/penanaman, pengelolaan hutan (pemeliharaan tanaman, pengaturan jenis tanaman untuk mendukung catchment area, monitoring kawasan hutan, dan pengelolaan keanekaragaman hayati. PT PLN (Persero) sudah memulai pembangunan mega proyek PLTA Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage (UCPS). Semua persiapan telah dilalui, mulai relokasi warga yang terkena dampak, pembangunan infrastruktur, hingga aksi kepedulian PLN terhadap warga yang terkena relokasi.
Terdapat 19 desa yang terkena dampak dari pembangunan ini, di antaranya 6 desa dari Kab. Bandung Barat, sementara 13 desa lain di Kab. Cianjur. Kepala Desa Sukaresmi, Kecamatan Rongga, Kab. Bandung Barat, Judin Setiawan, mengatakan bahwa pembebasan lahan yang di lakukan oleh PLN berjalan secara adil dan warga pun tidak keberatan untuk direlokasi. “Kami yang terkena dampak dari proyek PLN ini diperlakukan secara adil untuk proses penggantian biaya lahan yang tergusur,” ujar Judi ketika ditemui di Kantor Desa Sukaresmi, Senin 19 Desember 2022. Menurut dia, pihak PLN juga memberikan fasilitas pembangunan masjid yang layak serta koperasi yang bisa dimanfaatkan oleh warga dari wilayahnya.
Hal senada juga diungkapkan oleh Wawan, warga Pasirjaya, Sindangkerta, Kab. Bandung Barat. Wawan dan warga lainnya mengaku sudah menyutujui relokasi tersebut. “Saya bersama warga lainnya pindah ke tempat yang jauh lebih baik, dan proses penggantian uang lahan pun sangat memuaskan,” ujarnya. Bahkan, ia merasakan betul dampak positif dari pembangunan pembangunan proyek tersebut. Salah satunya adalah akses transportasi menjadi lebih mudah sehingga membuat pergerakan ekonomi menjadi lebih cepat.
#zonaebt #sebarterbarukan #EBTheroes
Editor: Bellinda Putri Hidayat
Referensi
- PLTA Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Biodiversity Action
- Pump Storage Hydroelectricity
- INVESTASI RP 8 TRILIUN, PLTA UPPER CISOKAN MULAI DIBANGUN
- PLTA Cisokan (4) – Listrik Untuk Siapa
- PLTA Upper Cisokan Memiliki Sistem Pembangkit Pertama yang Menggunakan Teknologi Pump Storage
- PLN Bantu Warga yang Terkena Dampak Pembangunan PLTA Cisokan
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