- Panel surya tidak hanya menjadi penyedia listrik, tetapi juga pionir dalam memimpin perubahan menuju masyarakat yang lebih sadar lingkungan dan bertanggung jawab.
- Dari peningkatan efisiensi hingga desain yang lebih baik, panel surya modern memegang kunci.
- Melalui inovasi terus-menerus dalam industri panel surya, kita dapat membayangkan masa depan yang diwarnai oleh sumber daya energi yang berkelanjutan.
Ada inovasi terbaru dalam panel surya karena panel surya tidak hanya menjadi penyedia listrik, tetapi juga pionir dalam memimpin perubahan lingkungan yang lebih baik. Panel surya adalah sistem untuk menghasilkan listrik dengan menangkap energi matahari dan mengubahnya menjadi arus listrik. Ketika menyentuh panel, sinar matahari akan diserap oleh sel surya (photovoltaics) dan akan menciptakan muatan listrik. Muatan listrik ini kemudian disalurkan ke rumah atau digunakan untuk menghidupkan berbagai peralatan.
![Mengulik Inovasi Terbaru dalam Panel Surya: Sudah Siap Menghadapi Perubahan? zonaebt.com](https://zonaebt.com/wp-content/uploads/pexels-kindel-media-9875413.jpg)
Panel surya memiliki dampak lingkungan paling sedikit karena tidak menghasilkan gas, kebisingan atau polusi. Selain itu, matahari adalah energi yang 100% tidak akan pernah habis, melimpah, gratis, dan terbarukan sehingga menjadikan panel surya sumber energi alternatif yang mudah dan bersih.
Selama beberapa dekade terakhir, teknologi panel surya telah mengalami kemajuan pesat yang telah mengubah lanskap energi terbarukan. Dalam artikel ini akan dibahas beberapa inovasi panel surya terkini. Dari peningkatan efisiensi hingga desain yang lebih baik, panel surya modern memegang kunci. Di bawah ini adalah beberapa inovasi terbaru yang patut dicontoh.
1. Panel Surya Transparan
![Mengulik Inovasi Terbaru dalam Panel Surya: Sudah Siap Menghadapi Perubahan? zonaebt.com](https://zonaebt.com/wp-content/uploads/Material-Xperience-2017-exhibits-transparent-solar-panels-Lumiduct-MaterialDistrict.jpg)
Kaca fotovoltaik merupakan teknologi panel surya baru yang paling mutakhir dan menjanjikan untuk memperluas cakupan energi surya. Panel surya ini transparan dan dapat menghasilkan listrik dari jendela di kantor, rumah, sunroof mobil, atau bahkan smartphone. Para peneliti di Michigan State University (MSU) awalnya menciptakan konsentrator surya transparan pertama pada tahun 2014. Panel surya bening ini dapat mengubah hampir semua lembaran kaca atau jendela menjadi sel surya.
Panel surya transparan dapat dengan mudah digunakan dalam berbagai desain dan sangat bermanfaat. Contohnya adalah penggunaan panel surya transparan di gedung pencakar langit dengan jendela besar hingga perangkat seluler, seperti telepon, laptop, atau e-reader. Manfaat panel surya transparan adalah dapat menggantikan jendela kaca tradisional di kantor atau rumah menjadi jendela kaca yang menghasilkan energi surya. Teknologi ini memiliki potensi untuk mengubah hampir setiap bangunan di dunia menjadi produsen tenaga surya.
Panel surya transparan pada dasarnya adalah ide yang berlawanan dengan pemahaman pada umumnya karena sel surya harus menyerap sinar matahari (foton) dan mengubahnya menjadi tenaga (elektron). Sedangkan teknologi panel surya baru mengubah cara sel surya menyerap cahaya, sinar matahari akan melewati kaca begitu saja tanpa ada penghalang, seperti kaca transparan pada umumnya.
Sel kaca secara selektif memanfaatkan sebagian spektrum matahari yang tidak terlihat dengan mata telanjang, sekaligus membiarkan cahaya melewatinya secara normal. Untuk mewujudkan teknologi ini, para peneliti telah mengembangkan transparan luminescent solar concentrator (TLSC) daripada membuat sel kaca fotovoltaik transparan.
Setelah produksi massal panel surya transparan dimulai, para peneliti memperkirakan bahwa TLSC hanya mampu memberikan efisiensi sekitar 10%. Harga panel surya transparan akan turun saat produk dilakukan produksi massal, teknologi ini sedang terus dikembangkan untuk keperluan komersial dan industri.
Baca Juga
2. Panel Surya Berlapis Ganda
Salah satu terobosan terbesar dalam teknologi PLTS adalah pengembangan panel surya berlapis ganda. Panel ini memiliki lapisan ganda sel fotovoltaik yang dapat menangkap lebih banyak energi dari sinar matahari. Hasilnya adalah efisiensi yang lebih tinggi dan peningkatan produksi energi. Dikembangkan oleh Dr. Gavin Bell dan Dr. Yorck Ramachers dari departemen Fisika, perangkat ini pada dasarnya adalah jendela berlapis ganda tipis di mana panel luarnya transparan dan menghantarkan listrik.
Jendela bagian dalam dilapisi dengan bahan khusus yang bertindak sebagai sumber elektron di bawah penerangan sinar matahari, yang disebut fotokatoda. Kedua panel dipisahkan oleh gas inert yang aman, seperti argon, persis seperti yang ditemukan pada jendela kaca ganda berkualitas tinggi.
Ketika sinar matahari mengenai perangkat, elektron dikeluarkan dari fotokatoda dan memantul melalui gas ke panel luar tanpa diserap atau hilang. Hal ini sangat berbeda dengan cara kerja elektron pada panel surya yang sudah ada dan membuka kemungkinan peningkatan metode pembangkit listrik tenaga surya. Elektron kemudian dikumpulkan dan energi listrik dipompa ke jaringan listrik. Hal ini dapat dilakukan melalui celah berisi gas dibandingkan ruang hampa yang menurut para peneliti jauh lebih hemat biaya untuk perangkat praktis apa pun.
3. Panel Surya Organik
Berbagai bahan inorganik telah dibuat untuk piranti sel, seperti In0.5Ga0.5P/GaAs, kristal silikon, dll, dengan struktur yang kompleks. Desain sel tersebut biasa dilakukan dengan menggunakan teknik pemendapan bahan thin film (lapisan tipis), seperti metal organic chemical vapour deposition (MOCVD), molecular beam epitaxy (MBE), screen-printing, dll. Tentu saja beberapa keuntungan dan kerugian akan diperoleh untuk masing-masing teknik.
Perlu diketahui bahwa untuk mendapatkan bahan sel tersebut diperlukan biaya yang tidak murah, dan proses pembuatannya tidak sederhana sehingga hanya beberapa kelompok peneliti saja yang kemungkinan dapat meneliti dan membuat desain sel tersebut. Bahan organik relatif mudah diperoleh di Indonesia dengan harga yang relatif murah, mengingat sumber alam yang melimpah yang ada perlu untuk dioptimalkan penggunaannya. Selain itu, teknik yang digunakan untuk mengendapkan lapisan thin film, bahan tersebut adalah menggunakan teknik yang relatif sederhana, tidak memerlukan teknologi yang rumit sehingga diharapkan dapat memberikan gambaran bagi variasi pengembangan pembangkit listrik tenaga surya (PLTS) di Indonesia.
Baca Juga
- Kemajuan Terbaru dalam Panel Surya: Apa yang Perlu Diketahui?
- Akan Dikemanakan Potensi Besar Energi Surya Indonesia?
Melalui inovasi terus-menerus dalam industri panel surya, kita dapat membayangkan masa depan yang diwarnai oleh sumber daya energi yang berkelanjutan. Panel surya tidak hanya menjadi penyedia listrik, tetapi juga pionir dalam memimpin perubahan menuju masyarakat yang lebih sadar lingkungan dan bertanggung jawab.
#zonaebt #sebarterbarukan #ebtheroes
Editor: Rewinur Alifianda Hera Umarul
Referensi:
[1] Teknologi PLTS: Melangkah ke Masa Depan
[2] ‘Double-glazed’ Solar Panels Promise New Life for Photovoltaics
[3] Sel Surya Menggunakan Bahan Organik
[4] Panel Surya, Solusi Mengurangi Perubahan Iklim
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