- Singkatnya, kincir angin pertama kali digunakan untuk membangkitkan listrik dibangun oleh P. La Cour dari Denmark diahir abad ke-19.
- Pada umumnya kincir angin adalah sebuah alat yang mampu memanfaatkan kekuatan angin untuk dirubah menjadi kekuatan mekanik.
- Turbin angin didesain untuk mengumpulkan dan me-eksploitasi energi angin yang mengalir melalui turbin tersebut.
Angin termasuk ke dalam sumber energi yang dapat diperbaharui. Angin selalu tersedia dan tidak akan habis digunakan. Energi angin berasal dari udara yang bergerak, angin bertiup karena adanya perbedaan suhu dan tekanan dari satu tempat ke tempat lainnya. Angin bergerak dari daerah bertekanan tinggi ke daerah bertekanan rendah.
Perubahan suhu dan tekanan di atmosfer menciptakan gerakan angin yang cukup potensial sebagai sumber daya energi.
Pembangkit listrik tenaga angin mengubah energi angin menjadi energi listrik melalui sebuah turbin angin. Angin akan memutar bilah turbin kemudian bila turbin ini akan memutar sebuah generator lalu menghasilkan listrik.
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Sejarah Singkat Kincir Angin
Singkatnya, kincir angin pertama kali digunakan untuk membangkitkan listrik dibangun oleh P. La Cour dari Denmark diahir abad ke-19. Setelah perang dunia I, layar dengan penampang melintang menyerupai sudut propeler pesawat sekarang disebut kincir angin type propeler’ atau turbin.
Eksperimen kincir angin sudut kembar dilakukan di Amerika Serikat tahun 1940, ukurannya sangat besar yang disebut mesin Smith-Putman karena dirancang oleh Palmer Putman, kapasitasnya 1,25 MW yang dibuat oleh Morgen Smith Company dari York Pensylvania.
Diameter propelernya 175 ft (55m) beratnya 16 ton dan menara setinggi 100 ft (34m). Namun salah satu batang propelernya patah pada tahun 1945.
Pada umumnya kincir angin adalah sebuah alat yang mampu memanfaatkan kekuatan angin untuk diubah menjadi kekuatan mekanik. Dari proses itu memberikan kemudahan berbagai kegiatan manusia yang memerlukan tenaga yang besar seperti memompa air untuk mengairi sawah atau menggiling biji-bijian.
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Cara Kerja
Kincir angin modern merupakan mesin yang digunakan untuk menghasilkan energi listrik, disebut juga dengan turbin angin. Pada masanya, turbin angin ini kebanyakan ditemukan di belahan bumi bagian Eropa dan Amerika Utara. Namun, berkat perkembangan zaman, turbin angin sudah tersebar ke banyak negara.
Turbin angin didesain untuk mengumpulkan dan meksploitasi energi angin yang mengalir melalui turbin tersebut. Untuk membuatnya, perlu penentuan tinggi menara yang optimal, menentukan sistem kontrol, jumlah dan bentuk dari bilah turbin, serta bentuk keseluruhan.
Sebuah turbin angin memiliki beberapa komponen penting untuk mendukung mekanisme kerjanya dalam mengkonversi energi kinetik dari angin menjadi energi listrik, contohnya saja sebuah anemometer yang berfungsi untuk mengukur kecepatan angin, serta memberikan data kecepatan tersebut pada sistem kontrol.
Blades atau bilah turbin pada turbin angin berfungsi untuk memberikan gerak rotasi dari angin yang bertiup / mengalir melalui turbin, kepada generator. Generator inilah yang menghasilkan listrik. Brake adalah cakram yang bisa digunakan secara mekanik, dengan listrik, maupun tenaga hidrolik, untuk menghentikan rotor, dan komponen lainnya yang tak kalah pentingnya.
Turbin angin dapat memiliki tiga buah bilah turbin. Jenis lain yang umum adalah jenis turbin dua bilah. Jadi, bagaimana turbin angin menghasilkan listrik?
Jadi, sederhananya turbin angin bekerja kebalikan dari kipas angin. Bukannya menggunakan listrik untuk membuat angin, seperti pada kipas angin namun, turbin angin menggunakan angin untuk membuat listrik. Angin akan memutar sudut turbin, kemudian memutar sebuah poros yang dihubungkan dengan generator, lalu menghasilkan listrik yang akhirnya disalurkan ke rumah-rumah warga, instansi terkait, dan lain sebagainya.
Editor: Riana Nurhasanah
Referensi:
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