![ilustrasi novel lingkungan](https://zonaebt.com/wp-content/uploads/bookmark-book-arrangement-top-view-1-1920x1080.jpg)
- Karya sastra biasanya merupakan cerminan dari dunia nyata yang dituangkan oleh penulis ke dalam sebuah karya.
- Ekokritisisme digunakan sebagai pendekatan guna melahirkan karya sastra berbasis lingkungan.
- Cukup banyak penulis yang menghasilkan karya sastra modern berbasis lingkungan, salah satunya ialah Bewilderment karya Richard Powers.
Saat ini, banyak seniman yang mengubah perasaan mereka terhadap perubahan iklim, lingkungan, dan krisis kepunahan menjadi karya kreatif yang kuat. Salah satunya adalah karya sastra, novel dengan isu lingkungan misalnya. Permasalahan tersebut berdampak pada hampir semua orang. Sebuah penelitian baru-baru ini menemukan bahwa sekitar 85% orang di bumi sudah hidup dengan dampak pemanasan global. Hal ini tentu sangat mengkhawatirkan.
Di situlah ekokritisisme berperan. Di mana karya sastra atau budaya pop, novel dan cerita pendek dapat membantu kita menyelidiki dunia batin dan dunia luar. Sementara itu, imajinasi penulis mengingatkan kita akan keindahan dan misteri dunia yang sedang kita coba selamatkan atau mengungkap keburukan dari apa yang merusaknya.
Apa Itu Ekokritisisme?
Ekokritisisme adalah studi sastra dan lingkungan dari sudut pandang interdisipliner, di mana para sarjana sastra menganalisis teks-teks yang menggambarkan keprihatinan lingkungan dan mengkaji berbagai cara sastra memperlakukan subjek alam.
Salah satu tujuan utama dalam ekokritisisme adalah mempelajari bagaimana individu dalam masyarakat berperilaku dan bereaksi dengan alam dan aspek ekologi. Bentuk kritik ini mendapat banyak perhatian selama beberapa tahun terakhir seiring meningkatnya penekanan sosial terhadap kerusakan lingkungan dan peningkatan teknologi. Karenanya, ini merupakan cara baru dalam menganalisis dan menafsirkan teks sastra, yang membawa dimensi baru pada bidang studi sastra.
Istilah ‘ekokritisisme’ diciptakan pada tahun 1978 oleh William Rueckert dalam esainya “Literature and Ecology: An Experiment in Ecocriticism”. Dibutuhkan sudut pandang interdisipliner dengan menganalisis karya-karya pengarang, peneliti, dan penyair dalam konteks permasalahan lingkungan dan alam.
Penasaran, seperti apa novel-novel di abad 21 yang menggunakan isu lingkungan sebagai topik utama di dalamnya? Simak penjelasan berikut!
Baca Juga
- Sampah Plastik, Daur Ulang atau Ancaman Lingkungan?
- Hutan Rawa Gambut: Penyerap Karbon yang Mulai Beralih Fungsi
Bewilderment – Richard Powers
![Bewilderment](https://zonaebt.com/wp-content/uploads/caroussel.jpg)
Bewilderment (2021) yang berhasil memenangkan Pulitzer Prize ini mengambil tema-tema yang berkaitan dengan alam. Di dalamnya dibahas juga berbagai cara kita sebagai manusia merusak begitu banyak alam. Powers tidak membatasi pembaca pada kehidupan di planet bumi. Namun, melalui tokoh protagonisnya, ahli astrobiologi, Theo Byrne, tulisan Powers mengembara di alam semesta untuk mencari kehidupan, tetapi selalu kembali ke rumah. Dengan memadukan ilmu astronomi, biologi, dan ilmu saraf, novel ini menantang pembacanya untuk berpikir lebih luas. Buku ini juga menyadarkan betapa sedikitnya yang kita ketahui tentang diri sendiri, planet kita, dan alam semesta ini.
How Beautiful We Were – Imbolo Mbue
![how beautiful we were](https://zonaebt.com/wp-content/uploads/71hLlabxXL._AC_UF8941000_QL80_.jpg)
Bertempat di desa fiksi Kosawa di Afrika, How Beautiful We Were menceritakan kisah orang-orang yang hidup dalam ketakutan di tengah degradasi lingkungan dampak dari perusahaan minyak Amerika. Tumpahan pipa telah menyebabkan lahan pertanian menjadi tidak subur. Anak-anak sekarat karena meminum air beracun. Janji-janji pembersihan dan perbaikan keuangan dibuat, namun diabaikan. Pemerintahan negara tersebut, yang dipimpin oleh seorang diktator yang kurang ajar, hadir hanya untuk kepentingannya sendiri. Karena tidak punya banyak pilihan, penduduk Kosawa memutuskan untuk melawan. Namun perjuangan mereka harus dibayar mahal.
Diceritakan melalui sudut pandang anak-anak dan keluarga seorang gadis bernama Thula, How Beautiful We Were mengeksplor kejadian ketika sebuah dorongan untuk mencari keuntungan, ditambah dengan kolonialisme, muncul melawan tekad suatu komunitas.
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The Living Sea of Waking Dreams – Richard Flanagan
![The Living of Waking Dreams](https://zonaebt.com/wp-content/uploads/91-vRpV8HVL._AC_UF10001000_QL80_.jpg)
The Living of Waking Dreams rupanya mengikutsertakan kehadiran burung beo perut oranye. Di mana saat itu, musim kawin burung beo perut oranye baru saja dimulai. Burung tersebut merupakan salah satu burung langka di dunia yang bermigrasi dari Tasmania menuju daratan Australia. Dikisahkan bahwa lima tahun yang lalu, hanya 17 burung yang ada selama beberapa dekade akibat krisis habitat, spesies invasif, perusakan perdagangan hewan peliharaan, dan wabah berbagai penyakit.
Secret Life – Theo Ellsworth dan Jeff VanderMeer
![secret life](https://zonaebt.com/wp-content/uploads/full_width_1632862014-25B39708-B796-4B1B-8B4D-97CA8CD5B03E.jpg)
Secret Life bercerita tentang sebuah gedung perkantoran dan orang-orang yang bekerja di sana. Di mana terdengar jeritan seperti binatang yang meresahkan datang dari lift yang sunyi saat mencapai lantai pertama. Seorang wanita mulai berbicara dengan para tikus dan memahami perkataan mereka. Pada saat yang bersamaan, seorang karyawan yang tidak menyadari ketika tanaman merambat mulai tumbuh di kantornya. Namun, seiring pertumbuhannya, dia tidak sanggup memotongnya sehingga dia membiarkan tanaman merambat itu tumbuh begitu saja.
Buku ini membuat kita lebih mengutamakan alam dibandingkan manusia. Semua karya manusia dalam cerita ini memudar, hancur, dan yang tersisa hanyalah alam.
Sobat EBT Heroes, bagaimana perasaanmu setelah membaca penjelasan mengenai 4 novel dengan isu lingkungan sebagai topik utama di atas? Pastinya kamu mendapat informasi baru mengenai rekomendasi novel fiksi apa saja yang dapat kamu baca. Yuk, rajin membaca buku berkualitas guna menambah insight baru, khususnya terkait isu lingkungan.
#zonaebt #SebarTerbarukan #ebtheroes
Editor: Ken Hitana Prakarsi
Referensi:
[1] Pengertian Ekokritik dalam Karya Sastra
[2] Richard Powers Spins A Smaller, Sadder Story In ‘Bewilderment’
[3] A Small Village Takes On Big Oil In ‘How Beautiful We Were’
[4] Book review: The Living Sea of Waking Dreams, by Richard Flanagan
[5] Introduction to Secret Life by Theo Ellsworth & Jeff VanderMeer
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