Pengelolaan Limbah Medis Serta Dampaknya Terhadap Lingkungan

  • Pengelolaan limbah medis, saat ini menjadi tantangan yang besar bagi para penyedia layanan kesehatan
  • Indonesia sendiri pengelolaan limbah medis ini terbilang belum optimal
  • Limbah medis adalah limbah yang dihasilkan dari penelitian medis pengujian diagnosis imunisasi ataupun perawatan manusia maupun hewan dari tempat fasilitas kesehatan

Pengelolaan limbah medis, saat ini menjadi tantangan yang besar bagi para penyedia layanan kesehatan, di Indonesia sendiri pengelolaan limbah medis ini terbilang belum optimal sedang limbah medis ini jika tidak dikeluarkan dengan benar akan menimbulkan dampak yang kurang baik terhadap lingkungan dan makhluk hidup di sekitarnya.

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Sedangkan di Indonesia berdasarkan data yang dikeluarkan Kementerian Kesehatan (Kemenkes) terdapat 2820 rumah sakit, 9825 Puskesmas, dan 7641 klinik di Indonesia dari data tersebut sampai yang dihasilkan sebesar 296,82 ton perhari, daripada itu kapasitas pengelolaan yang ada hanya mencapai 115,68 ton per hari.

WHO (World health organization) bahkan menyebutkan bahwa pada tahun 2000 terdapat 32% infeksi hepatitis B akibat cara pembuangan jarum suntik yang tidak benar apalagi dengan adanya masa pandemi Covid-19 ini sampah medis yang dihasilkan melonjak naik dan harus ditangani secara khusus.

Apa itu limbah medis dan jenis limbah medis

Limbah medis adalah limbah yang dihasilkan dari penelitian medis pengujian diagnosis imunisasi ataupun perawatan manusia maupun hewan dari tempat fasilitas kesehatan.

Limbah medis sendiri merupakan segala jenis sampah yang mengandung agen infeksius ataupun bahan berpotensi membawa infeksi limbah medis juga dapat mengandung cairan tubuh seperti darah ataupun kotoran lainnya.

Jenis limbah medis:
Menurut WHO mendefinisikan menjadi 8 kategori limbah medis, diantaranya:

1. limbah infeksius
Merupakan limbah yang dapat menularkan infeksi dari virus bakteri Parasit kepada manusia contohnya kultur laboratorium jaringan swipe peralatan dan kotoran.

2. Patologis
Jaringan atau cairan manusia contohnya darah bagian tubuh cairan tubuh dan lain-lain.

3. Benda tajam
limbah benda-benda tajam dan contohnya jarum pisau bedah mata pisau dan lain-lain.

4. Radioaktif
Cairan yang tidak digunakan dalam radioterapi atau penelitian laboratorium contohnya termasuk juga peralatan atau gelas yang terkontaminasi.

5. Kimia
Termasuk pada desinfektan pelarut yang digunakan pada laboratorium peralatan medis seperti merkuri dari Termometer yang rusak.

6. Pharmaceuticals (obat-obatan)
Mencakup obat-obat yang kadaluwarsa vaksin dan juga obat-obat yang sudah tidak digunakan ataupun terkontaminasi contohnya antibiotik injeksi maupun pil.

7. Wadah bertatakan
 Mencakup tabung gas dan cartridge gas.

8. Sampah umum
Sampah yang tidak membahayakan kesehatan manusia karena tidak ada darah ataupun cairan tubuh manusia contohnya kertas kantor pembungkus dan lain-lain.

Baca Juga:



Terdapat beberapa tahapan untuk membuang limabah medis dengan aman bagi lingkungan sekitar, seperti:

Tahap 1 – Pengumpulan serta pemisahan limbah medis.
Pada tahap ini limbah medis akan di kumpulkan dan di pisahkan berdasarkan jenis limbah medisnya, dan akan ditaruh pada tempat khusus yang telah di beri tanda berupa tulisan.

Tahap 2 – Pengangkutan.
Limbah medis yang telah dikumpulkan dan dipisahkan berdasarkan jenisnya akan diangkut ke tempat pengolahan limbah medis.

Tahap 3 – Pengolahan limbah medis.
Pada tahap ini limbah medis akan diproses menggunakan peralatan khusus pengolahan limbah medis mulai dari pemecahan, pengecilan ukuran, compactor, hingga sterilisasi atau daur ulang, proses ini dilakukan untuk mengurangi bahaya yang ditimbulkan pada lingkungan.

Referensi:

[1] Pembuangan Limbah Medis – Panduan Definitif 2021

[2] Apa Itu Limbah Medis dan Bagaimana Cara Menanganinya?

[3] Pengelolaan Limbah Medis di Indonesia Belum Maksimal

Editor : Muhammad Fhandra Hardiyon

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