- Listrik memiliki peranan krusial dalam aktifitas kehidupan manusia, kini sebagian besar energi listrik diproduksi oleh bahan bakar fosil
- Meskipun pembangkit hidro konvesnional memiliki efisiensi yang tinggi, namun harganya mahal, perlu luasan besar, serta hanya dapat digunakan di dataran tinggi.
- Gravitational Water Vortex Power Plant (GWVPP) memungkinkan pemanfaatan potensi energi mekanik air menjadi energi listrik secara hemat tempat, murah, dan cepat konstruksinya.
Listrik memegang peranan penting dalam kehidupan masyarakat sehari-hari, hal ini dibuktikan dengan jumlah konsumsi energi primer global yang meningkat tiap tahunnya. Sayangnya, sebagian besar listrik masih didominasi produksinya oleh pembangkit listrik non terbarukan, yang notabene menghasilkan emisi karbon.
Terdapat banyak jenis sumber energi terbarukan yang tengah dipromosikan belakangan ini sebagai upaya pengurangan emisi karbon serta produksi listrik yang berkelanjutan. Energi terbarukan seperti angin, air, matahari dan lain-lain digunakan di seluruh dunia untuk menghasilkan listrik. Biaya pembangkitan energi listrik pada masing masing sumber, cukup tergantung pada teknologi konversi.
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- Memanfaatkan Danau Toba untuk PLTA
- The Peusangan Hydroelectric Project Helps the Economy of Society in Aceh
Di antara sejumlah sumber terbarukan, sumber yang paling ekonomis adalah tenaga air. Kini, metode yang paling terkenal untuk menghasilkan listrik dari tenaga air adalah dengan membuat danau buatan dan mengembangkannya menjadi bendungan besar di jalur sungai.
Meskipun memiliki efisiensi hingga 90 persen, nyatanya bendungan pembangkit listrik memerlukan tempat yang besar, biaya yang cukup mahal, serta hanya dapat di implementasikan di dataran tinggi. Terdapat pilihan alternatif, untuk memanen energi dari sumber air berhulu rendah untuk memenuhi permintaan listrik, salah satunya adalah Gravitational Water Vortex Power Plant (GWVPP).
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- Simak! Cara Kerja Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Air (PLTA)
Gravitational Water Vortex Power Plant merupakan salah satu jenis green technology yang masuk dalam kategori pembangkit listrik tenaga mikro hidro.
Saat ini dikategorikan sebagai pembangkit listrik tenaga mikro hidro karena pembangkit listrik maksimum yang dilaporkan tidak melebihi 100kW. Keunggulan utama dari pembangkit listrik ini adalah kebutuhan head hidraulik yang sangat rendah serta ramah lingkungan.
Pada pembangkit ini, air melewati saluran masuk yang besar dan lurus, yang kemudian mengalir secara tangensial ke dalam cekungan bundar. Air kemudian akan membentuk pusaran yang kuat yang energi mekaniknya digunakan untuk memutar turbin yang terkopel dengan generator untuk memproduksi energi listrik. Selanjutnya air, akan keluar dari outlet pada dasar cekungan dangkal.
Karena kebutuhan head (perbedaan ketinggian) yang rendah, ukuran yang minimalis, serta prinsip kerja yang tidak berpaku pada perbedaan tekanan tetapi pada gaya dinamis yang dihasilkan oleh pusaran, karena itu, biaya pengembangan dan pembangkitan listrik di GWVPP sangat rendah dibandingkan dengan teknologi pembangkit listrik tenaga air lainnya.
Berikut merupakan benefit lainnya yang dihasilkan dari sistem GWVPP.
- Hemat tempat, dengan biaya konstruksi yang murah dan sederhana.
- Tidak mengubah aliran air dan mengancam kehidupan biota air sungai.
- Secara tidak langsung meningkatkan kadar dissolved oxygen dalam air, yang bermanfaat untuk meningkatkan kualitas air dan biota sungai.
Referensi :
[2] Gravitational Water Vortex Power Plant
Editor : Muhammad Fhandra Hardiyon
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