Kontributor dari: Gede Herry Arum Wijaya
Pemerintah Indonesia terus mendorong percepatan penggunaan energi bersih sebagai pengganti energi fosil. Salah satunya adalah ketergantungan akan bahan bakar minyak untuk sektor transportasi dalam bentuk bensin dan solar. Berdasarkan data dari Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS) RI, impor migas pada Februari 2022 senilai US$2,90 miliar, nilainya naik 30,19% dibandingkan Januari tahun 2022 atau naik 122,52% dibandingkan Februari 2021. Hal ini menyebabkan Indonesia harus cepat beralih untuk menggunakan bahan bakar yang ramah lingkungan.
Sejauh ini, Indonesia sudah mampu mencampur biodiesel dengan bahan bakar solar sebesar 30%. Langkah ini perlu turut diapresiasi karena merupakan sebuah pencapaian dan komitmen menuju transisi energi bersih di sector transportasi. Namun, biodiesel memiliki beberapa kelemahan Ketika diimplementasikan pada mesin kendaraan diesel sekarang. Biodiesel memiliki komposisi atom oksigen yang tinggi sehingga mudah teroksidasi pada mesin yang dapat menyebabkan karat pada mesin. Biodiesel juga memiliki cetane number yang rendah dibandingkan bahan bakar solar dari fosil.
Baca juga:
- Pemprov Sulsel Dorong Pemanfaatan Biomassa dari Kotoran Hewan Sebagai Energi Alternatif
- Segudang Manfaat Energi Biomassa untuk Sistem Ketenagalistrikan
Green diesel merupakan inovasi terbaru dalam dunia biofuel yang merupakan bahan bakar nabati yang strukturnya persis seperti bahan bakar diesel dari fosil. Green diesel yang sering juga disebut renewable diesel atau diesel like hydrocarbon ini diproduksi dengan cara yang berbeda dari biodiesel. Jika biodiesel diproduksi dengan cara esterifikasi atau transesterifikasi bersama campuran alkohol, green diesel sendri diproduksi dengan proses deoksigenasi atau istilah ilmiah dari proses pelepasan atom oksigen dari struktur senyawanya. Proses ini melibatkan suhu pada rentang 300 °C hingga 400 300 °C dengan tekanan yang tinggi, dan terdapat juga penggunaan gas hidrogen pada proses reaksinya untuk mempercepat proses pelepasan atom oksigen.
Baca juga
- Perusahaan Kencana Lestari Akuisisi PT Biomassa Energi Jaya untuk Bangun Proyek Biomassa 3 MW
- PLN Akan Menetapkan Harga Biomassa Co-firing PLTU
Green diesel dinilai memiliki banyak kelebihan dibandingkan biodiesel itu sendiri seperti nilai cetane number yang tinggi, sulfur content yang rendah, dan sedikitnya atau hampir tidak terdapat atom oksigen pada strukturnya sehingga tingkat stabilitas oksidasinya sangat baik. PT Pertamina (Persero) melalui Refinery Unit (RU) IV Cilacap resmi melakukan uji coba produksi Green Diesel menggunakan material RBDPO (Refined, Bleached and Deodorized Palm Oil). Pertamina RU IV direncanakan bisa memproduksi BBM D-100, sebanyak 3MB atau 3.000 barrel per hari dengan segala fasilitas yang telah disiapkan.
Sejauh ini, proses produksi green diesel masih perlu penelitian lebih lanjut untuk mengdapatkan nilai konversi tertinggi dari bahan baku menjadi green diesel serta proses produksi yang lebih murah. Pemerintah Bersama isntitusi Pendidikan terus berinovasi dalam hal teknologi material seperti pembuatan katalis yang efisien untuk produksi green diesel tersebut. Jadi, bagaimana menurut kalian? Apakah green diesel lebih baik daripada biodiesel? Atau justru lebih mahal?
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