- Energi Baru Terbarukan (EBT) memiliki pengaruh besar bagi transisi energi secara global.
- Menurut International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA), kapasitas global panel surya dan turbin angin yang baru diluncurkan mencapai 461,5 gigawatt.
- Tingginya kapasitas global pada energi baru terbarukan juga terjadi karena tingginya kapasitas infrastruktur energi terbarukan yang dioperasikan.
Energi Baru Terbarukan (EBT) memiliki pengaruh besar bagi transisi energi secara global. Menurut Badan Energi Terbarukan Internasional atau International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA), kapasitas global panel surya dan turbin angin yang baru diluncurkan mencapai 461,5 gigawatt (GW). Besaran tersebut telah melampaui kapasitas terpasang reaktor nuklir (374,6 GW pada Mei 2024), menurut International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA).
Tingginya kapasitas global pada energi baru terbarukan juga terjadi karena tingginya kapasitas infrastruktur energi terbarukan yang dioperasikan. Pada tahun 2023, hasil atau output pembangkit listrik tenaga surya dan angin secara global meningkat masing-masing sebesar 23% atau 307 terawatt hour (TWh) dan 10% (206 TWh).
Secara umum, sumber energi baru terbarukan akan tetap menjadi sektor dengan pertumbuhan tercepat dalam industri ketenagalistrikan global pada tahun-tahun mendatang. Hal tersebut dikarenakan biayanya yang lebih rendah serta manfaatnya yang besar untuk sekarang dan masa depan.
Negara-negara di Dunia dan Keterkaitannya dalam EBT
Seperti Sobat EBT Heroes ketahui, China atau Tiongkok memiliki peran besar dalam mendukung keberhasilan transisi energi global. Negara tersebut menyediakan lebih dari 60% kapasitas pembangkit listrik tenaga surya dan angin yang diluncurkan di seluruh dunia.
Selain itu, Tiongkok juga memainkan peran penting dalam peningkatan aktual produksi listrik. Tiongkok juga telah menyumbang sebanyak 60% dan 51% peningkatan pembangkit listrik dari turbin angin dan surya masing-masing pada tahun 2023.
Selain Tiongkok, penurunan signifikan dalam pembangkit listrik tenaga air juga tercatat di India, Vietnam, dan Meksiko pada tahun 2023 lalu. Hal tersebut terjadi karena peran batu bara. Batu bara memainkan peran penyeimbang dalam hal ini, yaitu bahwa empat negara yang disebutkan di atas (Tiongkok, India, Vietnam, dan Meksiko) juga merupakan penyumbang sebesar 95% dari peningkatan global pembangkit listrik tenaga batu bara pada tahun 2023.
Oleh sebab itu, dapat diperkirakan bahwa energi baru terbarukan akan tetap menjadi sektor dengan pertumbuhan tercepat dalam industri ketenagalistrikan global di tahun-tahun mendatang. Hal tersebut dikarenakan biayanya yang lebih rendah dan manfaatnya untuk masa depan.
Kemudian, IRENA juga memperkirakan bahwa biaya rata-rata global untuk pengoperasian kapasitas turun sebesar 42% untuk pembangkit listrik tenaga angin (menjadi $1.274 per kilowatt, kW) dan sebesar 83% untuk panel surya (menjadi $876 per kW) pada periode tahun 2010—2022. Data berikut menjadikan energi baru terbarukan sebagai sumber energi terbaik hingga saat ini.
Baca Juga
Indonesia dalam EBT Global
Baru-baru ini, Indonesia menjadi sorotan global karena sumber energi baru terbarukan yang cukup melimpah. Namun, sumber energi listrik dengan energi baru terbarukan di tanah air nyatanya baru tumbuh sebesar 20%. Posisi tersebut cukup tertinggal jauh dari tren listrik global.
Secara umum, pertumbuhan pembangkit listrik tenaga surya dan angin sangat mendorong sumber listrik dari energi baru terbarukan dunia hingga melampaui 30% untuk pertama kalinya pada tahun 2023. Menurut laporan tahunan lembaga think-tank global (EMBER) yang bertajuk Global Electricity Review 2024, pertumbuhan energi baru terbarukan di Indonesia tidak setinggi tren global, yakni hanya 20% listrik yang berasal dari energi baru terbarukan pada tahun 2022.
Jika Sobat EBT Heroes melihat ke belakang, sejak tahun 2000, listrik berbasis energi baru terbarukan di dunia telah meningkat dari 19% menjadi lebih dari 30%. Kondisi ini didorong oleh peningkatan penggunaan tenaga surya dan angin dari 0,2% pada tahun 2000 menjadi 13,4% pada tahun 2023. Karena itulah intensitas emisi CO2 dari pembangkit listrik global mencapai rekor terendah pada tahun 2023, yaitu mencapai 12%. Pencapaian ini lebih rendah dari puncak intensitas CO2 global pada tahun 2007.
Baca Juga
- Pengaturan Insentif Guna Mendukung Percepatan Transisi Energi
- KTT G20 Momentum Percepatan Transisi Energi
Sumber Listrik Energi Fosil Secara Global Menurun
Menurut laporan dari lembaga think-tank global atau EMBER, bahwa pembangkit listrik bersumber dari fosil diproyeksikan akan menurun secara global sebesar 2% pada tahun 2024 ini. Hal tersebut dapat disimpulkan dari pesatnya pertumbuhan tenaga surya dan angin. Informasi ini juga memberi keyakinan bahwa era baru penurunan emisi karbon di sektor ketenagalistrikan segera dimulai.
Melesatnya pertumbuhan listrik energi baru terbarukan atau energi bersih, membantu memperlambat pertumbuhan energi fosil dengan kisaran hampir dua pertiga dalam 10 tahun terakhir. Meski demikian, laporan dari EMBER tersebut menjelaskan bahwa Indonesia masih belum mencapai puncak penurunan emisi karbon di sektor ketenagalistrikannya.
Renewables target tracker milik EMBER juga menyatakan bahwa Kemitraan Transisi Energi yang Berkeadilan atau Just Energy Transition Partnership (JETP) mengusulkan dan menargetkan agar 44% pembangkitan listrik di Indonesia berasal dari energi baru terbarukan pada tahun 2030 mendatang.
Maka dari itu, Sobat EBT Heroes juga harus makin tahu Indonesia, terlebih terhadap perkembangan sektor energi baru terbarukan tiap tahunnya.
#ZonaEBT #SebarTerbarukan #EBTHeroes
Editor: Ni Luh Nyoman Vitari Amritaning Ati
Referensi:
[1] Pangsa Energi Terbarukan Dalam Pembangkit Listrik Global
[2] Listrik Energi Terbarukan RI Baru Tumbuh 20 Persen, Tertinggal dari Tren Global
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