- Potensi pengembangan Bahan Bakar Minyak (BBM) dan gas alam di Kabupaten Mahakam Ulu, Kalimantan Timur
- Kabupaten Mahakam Ulu, Kalimantan Timur terlibat dalam pencapaian target pemerintah di tahun 2025.
- Memiliki dua kecamatan yang dijadikan model pengembangan energi terbarukan tenaga air.
Energi merupakan komponen penting dalam perilaku usaha, baik kategori skala kecil maupun skala besar. Pemanfaatan sumber energi baru terbarukan belum sepenuhnya maksimal karena didominasi oleh yang berasal dari fosil salah satunya Bahan Bakar Minyak (BBM). Dengan adanya hal ini, harus terciptanya sumber energi baru terbarukan sebagai pengganti Bahan Bakar Minyak (BBM).
Indonesia beragam daerah yang masing-masing memiliki keunikan dan kecirikhasan tersendiri. Salah satunya Kalimantan Timur, tepatnya di Kabupaten Mahakam Ulu yang dipercaya memiliki potensi dalam hal pengembangan Bahan Bakar Minyak (BBM) dan gas alam. Di sana masih minimnya pemanfaatan sumber energi baru terbarukan akibat keterbatasan pendanaan serta Sumber Daya Manusia (SDM) pada pemerintah. Hal inilah yang mengakibatkan tingkat kesejahteraan di pedesaan ataupun di perkotaan Kabupaten Mahakam Ulu tidak stabil.
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- Getting to Know the Kayan Hydroelectric Power Plant as the Largest Hydro Power Plant in Southeast Asia
- Energi Air di Indonesia, Tantangan dan Prospek ke Depan
Pengembangan Energi Baru Terbarukan (EBT) mengacu pada Perpres (Peraturan Presiden) No. 79 Tahun 2014 mengenai Kebijakan Energi Nasional yang mengacu bahwa target pencapaian energi baru terbarukan di tahun 2025 harus mencapai paling sedikit 23 persen. Target bisa dicapai jika semua pihak, baik nasional maupun daerah wajib ikut terlibat. Pemerintahan Kabupaten Mahakam Ulu, Kalimantan Timur dapat menerapkan penggunaan energi baru terbarukan sebagai wujud keterlibatan dalam mencapai target pemerintah di tahun 2025.
Akar permasalahan terkait energi baru terbarukan salah satunya kurang optimalnya pemanfaatan energi air. Hal ini disebabkan minimnya SDM (Sumber Daya Manusia) yang kurang memiliki kemampuan teknis pemanfaatan, sarana infrastruktur yang kurang mewadahi, kurang dukungan masalah perdanaan, rendahnya penguasaan teknologi, dan kultur masyarakat yang sangat memengaruhi rencana pembangunan.
Pengembangan energi air diarahkan guna pembangkit listrik tenaga mikro hidro di Kabupaten Mahakam Ulu, Kalimantan Timur memiliki beberapa sungai dengan debit air yang besar dan sepanjang tahun pasti selalu mengalir. Salah satu sungai di Mahakam ulu, Kalimantan yang terkenal ialah Sungai Mahakam. Sungai ini merupakan sungai paling besar yang melewati semua wilayah kecamatan. Walaupun dikatakan beberapa sungai selalu mengalir sepanjang tahun, terdapat sungai yang hanya musiman, mengalir pada musim penghujan saja.
Kabupaten Mahakam Ulu, Kalimantan Timur sebenarnya merupakan pecahan dari Kabupaten Kutai Barat yang memiliki lima kecamatan, di antaranya Kecamatan Long Apari, Long Pahangai, Long Bagun, Long Hubung, dan Laham.
Dua kecamatan bernama Kecamatan Long Apari dan Long Pahangai mengadakan suatu proyek melalui pengembangan model dengan memanfaatkan energi terbarukan tenaga air skala kecil guna untuk meningkatkan suatu pendapatan masyarakat. Proyek ini berguna untuk meningkatkan kesejahteraan masyarakat sekitar dengan cara memanfaatkan jasa lingkungan serta SDA (Sumber Daya Alam) secara berkala dan berkelanjutan.
Adapun hasil-hasil yang masyarakat dapati sebagai berikut (1) adanya peningkatan pasokan listrik yang berasal dari energi terbarukan tenaga air atau hydro yang mendukung elektrifikasi sebagian rumah tangga dan beberapa kegiatan usaha kecil masyarakat. (2) Adanya penambahan mata pencaharian bagi perempuan dengan mengelola komoditas kakao. (3) Adanya peningkatan kapasitas dalam berbagai teknik budidaya serta kelembagaan pengelolaan PLTMH (Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Mikrohidro) dan Pabrik Mini pengelolaan kakao.
Proyek ini dilaksanakan dengan anggaran sebesar Rp 19.634.311.497,- atas dukungan Millenium Challenge Account ā Indonesia (MCA ā Indonesia). Proyek ini dilaksanakan dengan berisi kegiatan-kegiatan utama dalam masyarakat, di antaranya; a) membangun PLTMH (Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Mikrohidro) Desa Tiong Ohang, Kecamatan Long Apari, b) menghidupkan kembali PLTMH Desa Long Pahangai I, c) membangun dua unit Pabrik Mini pengolahan kakao di Kecamatan Long Apari dan Long Pahangai, d) meningkatkan daya kapasitas budidaya serta pengolahan pasca panen petani kakao, dan e) meningkatkan daya kapasitas petani perempuan dalam memproduksi limbah kakao yang sudah menjadi kompos.
Editor: Riana Nurhasanah
Referensi:
Pemetaan Potensi Pengembangan Energi Terbarukan Di Kabupaten Mahakam Ulu Kalimantan Timur
Penggunaan Energi Air untuk Rumah Tangga dan Usaha Kakao di Kabupaten Mahakam Ulu
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