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Abrasi Terus Terjadi, Pulau Mensemut akan Tenggelam?

Abrasi Terus Terjadi, Pulau Mensemut akan Tenggelam? zonaebt.com
  • Pulau Mensemut yang terletak di Desa Penaah, Kecamatan Lingga, Kepulauan Riau, mengalami abrasi parah sepanjang tahun. Pada tahun 2020, abrasi sudah merobohkan lima rumah kayu milik warga.
  • Lebih kurang terdapat 20 keluarga yang menetap di Pulau Mensemut saat ini dengan mata pencaharian sebagai nelayan. Mereka menetap di pulau ini karena Pulau Mensemut merupakan tempat menangkap ikan yang bagus.
  • Pemerintah sudah meminta mereka untuk pindah dan tinggal di pulau lain untuk menghindari musibah yang terjadi, namun mereka menolak. Mereka meminta pemerintah untuk membuatkan pemecah ombak sebagai antisipasi abrasi.

Pulau Mensemut berlokasi di Desa Penaah, Kecamatan Senayang, Kabupaten Lingga, Kepulauan Riau. Pulau ini merupakan pulau terjauh dari Kepulauan Lingga. Jika dilihat di Google Earth atau Google Maps, Pulau Mensemut ini bernama Selentang. Pulau Mensemut adalah pulau terluar dari Kepulauan Lingga dan sangat jauh dari pulau-pulau lain. Sebab sudah tidak ada pulau lain selain Pulau Mensemut, jika diteruskan ke arah Timur, maka akan tembus ke Pulau Kalimantan, dan jika diteruskan ke Selatan akan tembus ke Pulau Bangka Belitung.

Perjalanan menuju Pulau Mensemut berawal dari Pelabuhan Tanjung Pungkur Batam menuju Seitenam. Di sini, penjualan tiket mulai buka pukul 09.30 pagi. Hal ini terjadi karena kapal penyeberangan biasanya baru akan berangkat pada pukul 10.30 pagi ke Seitenam. Jadi, saat menunggu antrian di tempat tiket, pengunjung bisa sambil menikmati salah satu makanan khas Batam, yaitu nasi lemak.

Pelabuhan Tanjunggugur Batam tidak pernah sepi karena pelabuhan ini hanya melayani rute di Kepulauan Riau saja. Hal ini untuk mendukung kebutuhan ekonomi di Kepulauan Riau dan untuk lama perjalanan ke Seitenang membutuhkan waktu kurang lebih 4 jam. Setelah menempuh perjalanan kurang lebih 3 jam, sampailah di Kepulauan Mensemut, dan di sebelah sana memang ujung terluar dari Kepulauan Lingga. Pulau Mensemut ini jauh dari manapun, seperti kapal yang terombang-ambing di lautan yang lepas hingga harus menempuh perjalanan sekitar 3 jam.

Perjalanan kapal dimulai ketika ombak besar datang dan menggunakan alat seadanya. Jika angin Utara berhembus, ombak gelombangnya bisa mencapai tiga sampai lima meter. Ombak setinggi itu berbahaya bagi pemukiman penduduk. Akan tetapi, masyarakat masih tetap tinggal di sini, menunggui Pulau Mensemut ini.

Mengapa penduduk masih bertahan? Padahal berada di tengah lautan, jauh dari daratan, dan tidak ada bukit atau penghalang yang menahan cuaca buruk. Hal tersebut terjadi karena sudah turun-temurun dari nenek moyang mereka sehingga mereka memutuskan untuk tetap tinggal di sana. Dengan mata pencaharian utama penduduk adalah nelayan, di mana total keseluruhan keluarga di sini, kurang lebih 20 keluarga. Di Pulau Mensemut ini terkenal dengan ikannya yang melimpah ruah, bahkan cumi-cumi dan ikan melompat dan masuk sendiri ke dalam sampan tanpa ditangkap atau dipancing. Oleh karena itulah, mereka memilih untuk menetap.

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Abrasi Sudah Terjadi Sejak Tahun 2020

Dari tahun ke tahun, abrasi terus mengikis tepi pantai. Garis pantai pulau ini terus mendekati pemukiman warga karena terkikis ombak dan badai yang kuat. Apalagi di tahun ini, angin utara sangat kencang hingga abrasi makin menjangkau bagian darat pulau. Kondisi abrasi makin parah, jarak pantai ke rumah warga makin dekat, awalnya 30 meter, sekarang sudah 10 meter. Warga sekitar terus merasa was-was, terlebih saat masuk musim angin utara. Sebenarnya, hampir setiap tahun memang terjadi abrasi, tetapi sejak tahun 2020 abrasi semakin parah. Dampaknya, sampai membuat lima rumah kayu milik warga roboh akibat terjadinya abrasi dan angin kencang.

Abrasi Terus Terjadi, Pulau Mensemut akan Tenggelam? zonaebt.com
Ilustrasi Rumah Warga Roboh Akibat Angin Kencang. Sumber: unsplash.com

Pada awalnya, di Pulau Mensemut ini terdapat masjid tempat warga setempat beribadah dan sekolah. Namun, setelah adanya badai yang kuat, masjid, sekolah, dan taman bermain tempat aktivitas penduduk sudah terbenam oleh air laut. Masyarakat tidak dapat mencegah hal tersebut terjadi karena tidak adanya kuasa terhadap hal tersebut. Pada saat terjadinya badai, masyarakat hanya bisa berlindung di dalam rumah mereka masing-masing dengan perasaan was-was.

Pada awalnya, terdapat batang pohon untuk mencegah abrasi dan badai yang kencang, namun akibat adanya abrasi yang sangat parah, menyebabkan pepohonan yang mereka miliki ikut tenggelam di laut. Tidak hanya itu, sebelum terjadinya abrasi pantai, dahulunya di sana terdapat wilayah pemakaman untuk warga setempat. Namun setelah adanya abrasi dan badai kuat yang terjadi, makam tersebut hancur dan upaya yang dilakukan oleh masyarakat hanya menyelematkan tulang-belulang yang masih tersisa dan merelokasikan wilayah pemakaman ke pulau terdekat. Setelah terjadinya badai dan angin kencang, masyarakat bersama-sama bergotong-royong membersihkan sisa-sisa badai tersebut serta kembali membangun rumah warga yang roboh akibat badai yang terjadi.

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Lalu Apa Upaya yang Dilakukan oleh Pemerintah terhadap Masalah Tersebut?

Abrasi Terus Terjadi, Pulau Mensemut akan Tenggelam? zonaebt.com
Ilustrasi Bendungan Pemecah Ombak. Sumber: unsplash.com

Pemerintah kota setempat sudah meminta para warga Pulau Mensemut untuk pindah dan tinggal di pulau lain untuk menghindari abrasi yang terjadi. Namun, warga menolak permintaan tersebut. Alasan warga tetap menetap adalah karena Pulau Mensemut menjadi tempat melaut cukup bagus. Jarak melaut tidak terlalu jauh, serta di perairan sana banyak ikan. Mereka berpendapat, jika pindah ke pulau lain, belum terjamin pulau baru banyak ikannya, seperti di Pulau Mensemut ini. Salah satu pulau relokasi yang disiapkan pemerintah, yakni di Pulau Hantu. Mereka menolak karena pulau yang berjarak dua jam dari Pulau Mensemut itu tak kaya ikan hingga perlu ongkos besar untuk bisa menangkap ikan.

Oktanius Wirsal, Pelaksana Tugas Kepala Badan Penanggulangan Bencana Daerah (BPBD) Kabupaten Lingga, mengatakan sudah melakukan kunjungan ke Pulau Mensemut. Abrasi yang terjadi cukup parah mengakibatkan tepi pantai terkikis. “Masyarakat sudah menyadari pulau itu makin mengecil karena abrasi angin utara”, ungkapnya. Okta tidak menampik bahwa abrasi yang terus terjadi berpotensi membuat pulau itu tenggelam.

Okta juga mengatakan “Kalau kita lihat situasi di sana, butuh pemecah gelombang sekitar 200 meter”. Untuk antisipasi jangka pendek yang dilakukan pemerintah, yaitu membangun batu pemecah ombak dan menanam mangrove di sekitar pulau. Untuk jangka panjang, perlu diadakan kajian sosial dan ekonomi terlebih dahulu apalagi soal keputusan pemindahan warga.

Riko Kurniawan, Direktur Eksekutif Walhi Riau mengatakan, abrasi di Pulau Mensemut merupakan dampak pemanasan global. Bahkan kondisi seperti di Pulau Mensemut akan banyak lagi terjadi ke daerah-daerah lain. Apalagi tidak ada komitmen kuat dari pemerintah dalam menghadapi perubahan iklim global ini.

Dalam jangka pendek ini memang harus ada antisipasi yang dilakukan agar pulau tidak tenggelam, seperti dengan membuat bendungan pemecah ombak. Selain itu, program penanaman mangrove dari pemerintah juga harus menyasar pulau-pulau kecil yang terancam abrasi, seperti Pulau Mensemut, harus menjadi prioritas. Untuk solusi jangka panjang pemerintah dan para pihak harus mengurangi emisi karbon dalam berbagai aktivitas guna mencegah perubahan iklim.

#zonaebt #sebarterbarukan #ebtheroes

Editor: Rewinur Alifianda Hera Umarul

Referensi:

[1] Akademisi hingga Jurnalis Bahas Dampak Perubahan Iklim di Kepri

[2] Abrasi Parah, Pulau Mensemut Terancam Tenggelam

[3] Setiap Tahunnya, Pulau Mensemut di Lingga Makin Terkikis Abrasi

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