- Indonesia memiliki potensi besar di bidang energi surya.
- Diperkirakan 2030 PLTS akan menyumbang sekitar 10% total pembangkit listrik global.
- Penemuan ini menjadi solusi dari pemborosan air untuk pembersih panel surya.
Bukan rahasia umum lagi, jika negara kita sangat kaya akan potensi energi terbarukan. Ini tidak terlepas dari keunggulan Indonesia berada di garis khatulistiwa. Salah satu yang memiliki daya tarik tinggi untuk terus dimanfaatkan adalah energi dari surya. Pemerintah sudah mengeluarkan beberapa kebijakan yang notabene menguntung bagi masyarakat bilamana memasang panel surya.
Gerakan atap rumah dengan panel surya, di beberapa negara maju sudah digencarkan. Niscaya arah transisi energi dunia akan menuju energi baru terbarukan. Salah satu andalan, sebagai alternatif energi pengganti minyak dan gas bumi. Itu merupakan panel surya, yang belakangan makin ramai saja perusahaan dan juga masyarakat memakainya. Menurut data dari SciTechDaily diperkirakan pada tahun 2030 pembangkit listrik tenaga surya (PLTS) akan menyumbangkan sekira 10 persen dari total keseluruhanan pembagkit listrik global.
Baca juga
PLTS bukan tanpa kekurangan, seperti kita ketahui sumber energi justru besar di negara-negara tropis. Gurun pasir dan juga atas atap rumah menjadi tempat yang ideal untuk menempatkan panel surya. Namun, gangguan seperti debu yang acap kali mengurangi produktivitas panel surya sebesar 30%. Solusi yang saat ini dimanfaatkan oleh masyarakat biasanya menggunakan semprotan air tetapi bayangkan berapa ratus liter yang bakal kita habiskan hanya untuk membersihkan saja. Data terbaru menyebutkan kurang lebih perlu 10 miliar galon air per tahun hanya untuk membersihkan panel surya. Hal ini cukup untuk memberi air 2 ke juta manusia.
Maka dari itu, dua insinyur dari kampus teknologi ternama Amerika Serikat Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) merasa bahwa membersihkan panel surya merupakan masalah yang besar. Apalagi menggunakan air yang notabene ketersediaanya makin menipis. Dua ilmuwan bernama Sreedath Panat dan Kripa K. Varanasi merupakan dua ilmuan yang berhasil menemukan metode pembersihan panel surya secara otomatis. Temuan mereka sudah dipublikasi di jurnal Science Advances dengan judul berikut:
Prinsipnya sangat sederhana, tapi proses menemukannya itu yang memerlukan ilmu pengetahuan kelas tinggi. Hal yang perlu dibutuhkan yaitu elektroda berupa batang logam yang digerakan melewati permukaan panel. Elektroda akan menghasilkan medan listrik yang memberikan muatan listrik pada partikel debu. Kemudian, muatan listrik berlawanan diterapkan pada lapisan konduktif transparan setebal beberapa nanometer yang disimpan pada penutup kaca panel surya untuk mengangkat partikel.
Baca juga
- Harga Baterai Akan Turun, Masyarakat Siap Genjot Penggunaan Panel Surya
- Permen ESDM Tentang PLTS Atap Resmi Diterapkan
Mereka menjelaskan pengurangan satu persen saja daya dari PLTS dengan kapasitas terpasang 150 Megawatt sudah mengakibatkan kerugian sebesar $200.000 atau sekira 2,8 miliar dalam satu tahun.
Memang ke depan harus diupayakan lagi penemuan-penemuan untuk membantu pemeliharaan panel surya. Terpenting juga penemuan di sektor energi storage (penyimpanan energi) karena sudah pasti antara industri panel surya dan juga kendaraan listrik berebutan bahan untuk memproduksi baterai. Mereka berada di negara maju, jangan sampai seperti negara kita, yang masih debat dengan aturan dan regulasi.
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#panel surya #energi surya #MIT #penemuan
Editor: Riana Nurhasanah
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