![](https://zonaebt.com/wp-content/uploads/nuklir-1.png)
- PLTN Indonesia mendapatkan citra yang buruk di mata masyarakat. Namun, nuklir sebenarnya menjadi sumber energi yang dinilai paling ramah lingkungan.
- Indonesia terbukti kaya dengan sumber daya uranium dan thorium yang menjadi bahan baku nuklir
- Berdasarkan Badan Tenaga Nuklir Nasional (BATAN), sebanyak 77.53% penduduk Indonesia mendukung dibangunnya Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Nuklir (PLTN) di Indonesia.
Sobat EBT Heroes, pasti sudah tidak asing dengan yang namanya Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Nuklir (PLTN). Melalui detiknews, PLTN merupakan pembangkit daya termal yang menggunakan reaktor nuklir sebagai sumber panasnya. Panas yang dihasilkan nantinya dapat diubah menjadi energi listrik. PLTN Indonesia sendiri baru berupa PLTN non-komersil, seperti reaktor nuklir kartini.
Nuklir seringkali mendapatkan citra yang buruk di mata masyarakat. Banyak yang masih berpikiran bahwa nuklir hanya melulu tentang bom atom, senjata nuklir, radiasi, dll. Akan tetapi, nuklir sebenarnya menjadi sumber energi yang dinilai paling ramah lingkungan.
Kenapa Harus Nuklir?
Melalui our world in data, diketahui bahwa nuklir menjadi sumber energi yang paling bersih dengan hanya mengeluarkan 3 ton CO2 per GWh. Jumlah tersebut cukup kecil apabila dibandingkan dengan sumber energi lain seperti batu bara yang dapat menghasilkan 820 ton CO2 dan minyak yang menghasilkan total 720 ton CO2 per GWh.
![](https://datawrapper.dwcdn.net/sXGDN/full.png)
Selain dari sisi emisi gas rumah kaca yang dihasilkan, kelebihan nuklir dari sumber energi lainnya berkaitan dengan densitas energi. Densitas energi merupakan besar kecilnya energi yang tersimpan dalam material tertentu. Semakin tinggi densitas energinya, maka semakin efisien juga material tersebut menghasilkan energi.
Nuklir tergolong ke dalam energi yang memiliki densitas yang cukup tinggi. Uranium-235 sebagai bahan bakar nuklir memiliki densitas energi sebesar 79.390.000 MJ/kg. Jumlah tersebut jauh lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan densitas energi dari batu bara yang hanya sebesar 30 MJ/kg.
Densitas energi nuklir membuatnya dapat menghasilkan energi yang besar di tempat yang kecil. Melalui dunia energi.com, energi nuklir mampu menghasilkan 1000 megawatt listrik hanya pada lahan berukuran 250 hektar.
![](https://datawrapper.dwcdn.net/Ic0Xs/full.png)
Potensi nuklir sebagai clean energy yang fantastis membuat sudah banyak negara yang mulai menjadi produsen tenaga nuklir. Menurut World Nuclear Association, per 2021, telah ada 10 negara yang tercatat sebagai penghasil listrik tenaga nuklir. Di urutan pertama, terdapat Amerika Serikat yang telah menghasilkan 771,6 terawatt-hour (TWH) listrik tenaga nuklir. Ini membuat Amerika Serikat mendapatkan citra sebagai negara produsen energi nuklir terbesar dalam skala global. Peringkat AS kemudian dilanjutkan dengan Cina, Perancis, Rusia, Korea Selatan, dan Kanada.
Baca juga
- Alasan dan Dampak Penutupan Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Nuklir
- Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Nuklir: Cara Kerja dan Jenisnya
Potensi Dibangunnya PLTN Indonesia
Dengan banyaknya potensi serta implementasi langsung dari beberapa negara, apakah Indonesia berkesempatan menjadi negara yang juga memanfaatkan energi nuklir sebagai sumber energi listriknya?
![](https://zonaebt.com/wp-content/uploads/tambang-thorium.jpg)
Dikutip melalui Badan Riset Dan Inovasi Nasional (BRIN), Indonesia sebenarnya memiliki sumber daya alam yang mencukupi. Bahan bakar tersebut diantaranya uranium dan thorium. Menurut Rohadi Awaludin sebagai kepala Organisasi Riset Tenaga Nuklir (ORTN), Indonesia memiliki sekitar 90 ribu ton uranium dan thorium sebanyak 140 ribu ton. Jumlah tersebut sudah cukup untuk memenuhi kebutuhan energi untuk memicu tenaga energi nuklir.
Kesiapan Indonesia juga ditunjukkan dengan dikeluarkannya Peraturan Pemerintah (PP) nomor 52 tahun 2022 mengenai keselamatan dan keamanan pertambangan bahan galian nuklir pada 12 Desember 2022. Peraturan tersebut mengatur tentang batasan penambangan sesuai dengan aman.
Tantangan Pembangunan PLTN Indonesia
Meski unggul dalam beberapa persiapan, keputusan pembangunan reaktor nuklir di Indonesia masih menjadi pertimbangan yang berat. Ada beberapa hal yang harus dipenuhi Indonesia apabila berencana membangun PLTN.
![](https://zonaebt.com/wp-content/uploads/nuklir-3.jpg)
Badan tenaga atom memiliki beberapa persyaratan kepada negara yang ingin membangun reaktor nuklir:
- Memiliki komitmen nasional yang kuat mengenai keselamatan dan keamanan, yang dibuktikan melalui pernyataan politik presiden mengenai program pembangunan PLTN
- Membangun dan mengelola nuclear energy program implementing organization (NEPIO)
- Ditetapkannya strategi nasional tentang pengembangan PLTN.
Baca juga
- Proyek Reaktor Nuklir TerraPower LLC Berteknogi Garam
- Peran Utama Perusahaan EBT dalam Transisi Energi Global
Selain harus memenuhi ketiga standar tersebut, Indonesia juga harus memastikan kualitas Sumber Daya Manusia (SDM) apabila berencana membangun PLTN. PLTN dapat berdiri lebih dari 80 tahun. Oleh karena itu, perencanaan kualitas SDM juga harus bersifat jangka panjang. Dalam hal menciptakan SDM dengan kualitas yang tinggi, dibutuhkan biaya yang besar. Apalagi apabila SDM yang digunakan merupakan tenaga kerja asing.
Penerimaan Masyarakat Terhadap PLTN Indonesia
![](https://datawrapper.dwcdn.net/4vh0N/full.png)
Pembangunan PLTN Indonesia turut dipengaruhi oleh penerimaan masyarakat terhadap nuklir. Berdasarkan badan tenaga nuklir nasional (BATAN), sebanyak 77.53% penduduk Indonesia mendukung dibangunnya Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Nuklir (PLTN) di Indonesia.
Masyarakat yang memilih setuju dengan dibangunnya PLTN beralasan bahwa dengan adanya PLTN, pemadaman listrik akan semakin minim. Selain itu, harga listrik ke depannya akan semakin murah, serta akan menambah lapangan pekerjaan.
Sedangkan, masyarakat yang menyatakan tidak setuju dengan pembangunan PLTN menganggap bahwa PLTN rawan dengan kebocoran reaktor nuklir. Pencemaran dan limbah radioaktif juga menjadi keresahan tersendiri bagi mereka.
Dengan demikian, walaupun Indonesia masih memiliki beberapa tantangan, bukan berarti pembangunan PLTN 100% tidak dapat terwujud. Dibutuhkan unsur keamanan yang diperketat serta SDM dengan kualitas yang mumpuni. Yang tidak kalah penting, pembangunan PLTN Indonesia juga memerlukan kesadaran dan optimisme terhadap kebutuhan clean energy.
#zonaebt #EBTHeroes #Sebarterbarukan
Editor: Devi Oktaviana
Referensi:
- Biar Angka yang Bicara Nuklir itu Energi Ramah Lingkungan
- Nuklir, Sumber Energi Listrik Paling Bersih bagi Lingkungan
- 15 Negara Produsen Listrik Bertenaga Nuklir Terbesar
- BRIN: Indonesia Miliki Potensi Bahan Galian Nuklir yang Cukup untuk Dieksplorasi
- 77,5 Persen Masyarakat Indonesia Setuju Adanya PLTN
- Energi Nuklir di Indonesia: Ya atau Tidak?
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