![Illustration of Nuclear Power Plant](https://zonaebt.com/wp-content/uploads/Screenshot-2024-02-05-155658.png)
- Penutupan PLTN di beberapa negara disebabkan oleh masalah keamanan dan faktor ekonomi.
- Dampaknya termasuk peningkatan polusi udara dan ketidakpastian energi.
- Indonesia perlu memperhatikan standar keamanan dan perhitungan ekonomi dalam pengembangan PLTN, sambil mempertimbangkan alternatif energi yang lebih berkelanjutan.
PLTN telah menjadi fokus utama bagi banyak negara dalam mencapai sumber energi bersih dan berkelanjutan. Namun, beberapa akhir tahun belakangan, negara-negara seperti Amerika menutup beberapa fasilitas PLTN mereka, salah satunya di New York’s Indian Point, kemudian Jerman yang menutup seluruh fasilitas PLTN mereka. Padahal, banyak negara yang sedang menggiatkan pembangunan PLTN dan sebagai negara yang berencana menggunakan energi nuklir di masa depan, apakah Indonesia dapat mengambil pelajaran dari pengalaman ini?
Dalam tren transisi energi, tantangan dan risiko penggunaan energi nuklir menjadi kekhawatiran tersendiri. Melalui pemahaman terhadap mengapa terjadi penutupan PLTN di berbagai negara, semoga Sobat EBT Heroes mendapatkan pemahaman dan perspektif baru untuk mengevaluasi kebijakan dan strategi penggunaan PLTN kedepannya.
![Illustration of Nuclear Safety](https://zonaebt.com/wp-content/uploads/istockphoto-1223356311-612x612-1.jpg)
- Alasan di Balik Penutupan PLTN
a. Kondisi Keamanan: Beberapa negara telah menutup PLTN mereka karena masalah keamanan, seperti kebocoran atau potensi bencana nuklir, terutama pembangunan yang berada di dekat pemukiman dimana tidak dapat dipastikan apakah dapat dicegah, semua kembali pada potensi kerusakan yang timbul. Keamanan bagi lingkungan dan ekosistem sekitar juga menjadi salah satu isu penting yang perlu diperhatikan, dimana terdapat bahan radioaktif dari PLTN yang sulit dan termasuk mahal untuk ditangani, terutama membutuhkan jangka waktu yang lama untuk menghilangkan radiasinya, penyalahgunaan bahan juga dapat terjadi disini dan masuk kedalam kategori keamanan nuklir.
b. Faktor Ekonomi: Biaya pembangunan, operasi, dan pemeliharaan PLTN yang terlalu tinggi, menyebabkan penutupan PLTN sebagai solusi tercepat. Terutama harga listrik yang dihasilkan dari PLTN semakin meningkat dibandingkan dengan hasil listrik dari PLTU yang menjadi pertimbangan. Hal ini dipengaruhi pula oleh meningkatnya harga bahan baku PLTN yang dibutuhkan, seperti pemurnian Uranium.
- Dampak Penutupan PLTN
Tentu saja penutupan ini akan memiliki dampak lingkungan dan ketidakpastian energi di mana negara-negara yang menutup PLTN harus mencari alternatif sumber energi mereka. Sebagian besar listrik dihasilkan oleh PLTU yang menggunakan bahan bakar dengan emisi karbon tinggi dan menjadi dilema bagi semua pihak. Sumber energi terbarukan lainnya seperti PLTB dan PLTS mungkin dapat menyediakan sebagian kecil dari kebutuhan listrik karena sensitivitas mereka terhadap kondisi cuaca, berbeda dengan energi nuklir yang dianggap sebagai opsi terbaik saat ini karena sifatnya yang bersih dan stabil. Namun, opsi lain seperti energi geothermal, penyimpanan energi jangka panjang, dan penangkapan karbon juga dapat dipertimbangkan.
Baca Juga
- Nuklir, Iradiasi Pangan, dan Ketahanan Pangan Nasional
- Urgensi Reaktor Nuklir dalam Pembangunan PLTN
Hampir 20% dari listrik yang digunakan di Amerika Serikat saat ini berasal dari tenaga nuklir. Tim dari MIT melakukan penelitian di jurnal Nature Energy, dimana mereka membuat sebuah skenario setiap pembangkit listrik tenaga nuklir di negara ditutup dan kemudian mempertimbangkan bagaimana sumber-sumber lain seperti batu bara, gas alam, dan energi terbarukan akan mengisi kebutuhan energi yang dibutuhkan sepanjang satu tahun penuh.
Analisis mereka menunjukkan bahwa polusi udara akan meningkat karena sumber-sumber batu bara, gas, dan minyak akan meningkat untuk menggantikan sumber dari tenaga nuklir. Peningkatan polusi udara akan memiliki dampak kesehatan yang signifikan dengan 5.200 kematian yang terkait dengan polusi dalam satu tahun. Namun, jika sumber-sumber energi terbarukan lebih banyak tersedia untuk menyuplai jaringan listrik, seperti yang diharapkan akan terjadi pada tahun 2030, polusi udara dapat diminimalisirkan.
![Illustration of Air Pollution](https://zonaebt.com/wp-content/uploads/istockphoto-474366331-612x612-1.jpg)
Pembelajaran bagi Indonesia
a. Evaluasi Keamanan: Sobat EBT Heroes, kita sebagai generasi muda Indonesia yang akan digaungkan membangun PLTN kedepannya harus memperhatikan dan memastikan bahwa PLTN yang dibangun memenuhi standar keamanan yang ketat untuk mencegah bencana nuklir.
b. Perhitungan Ekonomi: Perlu dilakukan perhitungan yang cermat terkait biaya pembangunan dan operasi PLTN, serta potensi alternatif energi yang lebih ekonomis.
Baca Juga
- Rencana PLTN Perdana Indonesia di Pulau Gelasa: Menggali Potensi Energi Nuklir
- Prancis Jadi Negara Paling Bergantung Kepada Nuklir
Ancaman penutupan PLTN di berbagai negara menyoroti kompleksitas dan tantangan yang terkait dengan penggunaan energi nuklir. Bagi Indonesia, mengambil pelajaran dari pengalaman negara lain dapat membantu dalam pengembangan kebijakan energi yang berkelanjutan dan mengurangi risiko yang terkait dengan PLTN.
#zonaebt #sebarterbarukan #EBTheroes
Editor: Bellinda Putri Hidayat
Referensi:
[1] https://news.mit.edu/2023/study-shutting-down-nuclear-power-could-increase-air-pollution-0410
[2] https://apnews.com/article/germany-nuclear-power-plants-shut-energy-376dfaa223f88fedff138b9a63a6f0da
[3] https://www.city-journal.org/article/the-tragedy-of-indian-point
[4] https://www.catf.us/2023/05/we-need-clean-firm-electricity-decarbonized-energy-system/
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