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3 Manufaktur Kendaraan Listrik Teratas di Dunia

3 manufaktur kendaraan listrik teratas di dunia zonaebt
Ilustrasi Kendaraan Listrik. Sumber: tesla.com
  • Penjualan kendaraan listrik di dunia terus meningkat.
  • Pada paruh pertama 2023 terdapat sejumlah 6 juta kendaraan listrik yang dikirimkan, baik itu berjenis Kendaraan Listrik Berbasis Baterai (BEV, Battery Electric Vehicles) ataupun Hibrida Plug-in (PHEV, Plug-in Hybrids).
  • 3 penyumbang penjualan kendaraan listrik utama di dunia adalah BYD, Tesla, dan VW Group

Penjualan kendaraan listrik di dunia terus meningkat. Pada paruh pertama 2023 terdapat sejumlah 6 juta kendaraan listrik yang dikirimkan, baik itu berjenis Kendaraan Listrik Berbasis Baterai (BEV, Battery Electric Vehicles) ataupun Hibrida Plug-in (PHEV, Plug-in Hybrids). 

Pangsa pasar kendaraan listrik tertinggi untuk paruh pertama tahun 2023 adalah negara Norwegia, dengan 75% untuk BEV dan 6% untuk PHEV, yang diikuti oleh China dengan 30,5%, Eropa dengan 19,7%, dan US dengan 8,7%. Indonesia sendiri masuk pada kelompok dengan pertumbuhan pasar kendaraan listrik yang cepat dengan peningkatan 886% dari tahun sebelumnya.

Penjualan kendaraan listrik secara keseluruhan untuk tahun 2023 diperkirakan sekitar 14 juta kendaraan listrik, dan menjadikan jumlah kendaraan yang beroperasi di akhir tahun adalah sekitar 40 juta kendaraan listrik.

Penjualan Kendaraan Listrik Secara Global. Sumber: Ev-volumes.com

Grafik di atas menunjukkan penjualan kendaraan listrik teratas untuk paruh pertama tahun 2023, dengan adanya perbandingan dengan periode yang sama di tahun lalu, yang bersumber dari EV-Volumes. Berikut ini merupakan penjelasan singkat mengenai 3 manufaktur kendaraan listrik teratas.

1. BYD

Ilustrasi Kendaraan Listrik BYD. Sumber: byd.com

BYD merupakan manufaktur kendaraan yang berasal dari China. BYD memproduksi berbagai kendaraan listrik, dari bus, truk, dan sepeda, serta baterai kendaraan listriknya. 

Dari grafik dapat dilihat bahwa BYD menempati posisi teratas untuk penjualan kendaraan listrik, yang menjumlahkan kedua nilai BEV dan PHEV yang terjual. Jika melihat pada tiap batang pada grafik, BYD menjadi manufaktur PHEV teratas, sementara untuk BEV, BYD menjadi manufaktur teratas kedua setelah Tesla.

Dapat dilihat juga bahwa BYD menjual hampir dua kali lipat kendaraan listriknya jika dibandingkan dengan periode yang sama di tahun yang sebelumnya. Saat ini, BYD menjual 17 model BEV dan 8 model PHEV.

Berdasarkan situs webnya, BYD merupakan perusahaan teknologi tinggi yang memiliki dedikasi untuk memanfaatkan inovasi teknologi untuk kehidupan yang lebih baik. BYD telah mendirikan lebih dari 30 kawasan industri pada 6 benua dan berperan penting dalam industri yang berkaitan dengan elektronik, mobil, energi terbarukan, dan transportasi umum, dan fokus pada perolehan, penyimpanan, dan penerapan energi untuk solusi energi baru tanpa emisi. 

Adapun, kendaraan listrik dari BYD yang populer adalah:

  • Qin Plus DM (PHEV)
  • Han EV
  • Song DM (PHEV)
  • Qin Plus EV
  • Tang DM (PHEV)

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2. Tesla Inc.

Ilustrasi Kendaraan Listrik Tesla. Sumber: tesla.com

Pada urutan kedua ada Tesla, yang dapat dikatakan juga sebagai urutan pertama, jika hanya dihitung dari penjualan BEV saja. 

Tesla merupakan manufaktur kendaraan yang berasal dari Amerika. Tesla memproduksi berbagai kendaraan listrik, yang berupa mobil dan truk, perangkat penyimpanan energi baterai stasioner dari rumah hingga skala jaringan, panel surya, serta produk dan layanan yang berkaitan dengannya. 

Dari grafik dapat dilihat bahwa Tesla hanya menjual kendaraan listrik berjenis BEV dan menjadi manufaktur terbesar untuk itu, dengan menyumbang 20,8% BEV yang terjual di seluruh dunia. Jika dibandingkan dengan tahun sebelumnya di periode yang sama, Tesla mengalami peningkatan lebih dari setengahnya. 

Berdasarkan situs webnya, Tesla memiliki misi untuk mempercepat transisi dunia ke energi yang berkelanjutan. Demi mencapai tujuan tersebut, Tesla membuat produk yang dapat menggantikan penghasil polusi terbesar di planet, yaitu dengan kendaraan listrik yang bertenaga energi matahari, berjalan dengan baterai, dan ditransportasikan dengan kendaraan listrik. 

Tesla dengan produk-produknya yang berteknologi tinggi tentunya mengutamakan keselamatan, juga inovasi yang dapat membahagiakan penggunanya, seperti fitur gaming hingga tontonan film, dan lebih banyak lagi.

Adapun kendaraan listrik Tesla yang populer adalah:

  • Tesla Model Y
  • Tesla Model 3
  • Tesla Model X
  • Tesla Model S

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3. VW Group

Ilustrasi Kendaraan Listrik Volkswagen. Sumber: vw.com

Pada urutan ketiga ada VW Group atau lebih dikenal sebagai Volkswagen Group. Dari grafik juga dapat dilihat bahwa VW Group bebih unggul dalam penjualan BEV daripada PHEVnya. Jika dibandingkan dengan periode yang sama pada tahun sebelumnya, VW Group mengalami peningkatan lebih dari 20%.

VW Group sendiri merupakan manufaktur kendaraan yang berasal dari Jerman. VW Group menjual mobil penumpang di bawah merek Audi, Bentley, Cupra, Jetta, Lamborghini, Porsche, SEAT, Škoda, dan Volkswagen, juga menjual motor dengan merek Ducati, dan kendaraan berat. 

Berdasarkan situs webnya, VW Group memperkirakan bahwa pasar untuk kendaraan listrik akan makin bertumbuh pesat, sehingga produksi sistem baterai yang hemat biaya dan berkelanjutan dan perluasan infrastruktur pengisian dayanya adalah hal yang penting.

Di tahun 2021, VW Group mengeluarkan strategi New Auto yang didasarkan oleh transisi ke kendaraan listrik, dan membangun pendukungnya, seperti sistem baterai, perangkat lunak, dan solusi mobilitas masa depan. New Auto memiliki tujuan untuk menjadi penyedia mobilitas yang berkelanjutan dengan lebih fokus, efisien, inovatif, dan berorientasi pada pelanggan.

Pasar utama VW Group untuk kendaraan listrik adalah Eropa, dengan sekitar 70% untuk pengiriman BEVnya. 

Adapun kendaraan listrik VW Group yang populer adalah: 

  • Volkswagen ID.4/ID.5 
  • Volkswagen ID.3 
  • Audi Q4 e-tron 
  • ŠKODA Enyaq iV 
  • Audi e-tron/Q8 e-tron 

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Editor: Nur Wasilatus Sholeha

Referensi:

[1] About BYD

[2] About Tesla 

[3] About Volkswagen Group

[4] Global EV Sales for 2023 H1

[5] Volkswagen Group delivers 42 percent more all-electric vehicles in the first quarter

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