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Memanfaatkan Arus Air: Teknologi Terkini dalam Energi Mikrohidro

  • Aliran air bisa dimanfaatkan untuk menghasilkan energi mikrohidro.
  • Tegangan pada generator mikrohidro berbasis web.
  • Analisa elektrolisis air dari hidrofilik pada sel bahan bakar.

Arus air bisa dimanfaatkan untuk menghasilkan energi mikrohidro. Melalui hal tersebut, dapat diketahui bahwa energi listrik rupanya dapat bersumber dari sumber daya alam seperti air, angin, sinar matahari, panas bumi, minyak, batubara, hingga nuklir. Sumber daya alam tersebut termasuk energi terbarukan. Energi terbarukan merupakan jenis energi yang sumbernya diperoleh dari sumber daya alam di bumi yang jumlahnya tidak terbatas. Memanfaatkan arus air rupanya menjadi teknologi terkini dalam pembangkit listrik mikrohidro. Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Mikro Hidro (PLTMH) merupakan pembangkit listrik berskala kecil yang menggunakan tenaga air sebagai penggeraknya. Memanfaatkan energi air menjadi energi listrik menjadi salah satu potensi terbesar yang telah ada di negara Indonesia. Adanya Pembangkit Listrik Mikrohidro sangat membantu penduduk Indonesia dalam menjangkau layanan listrik dengan baik di daerah pelosok. Hal ini dapat menjadi Inovasi menuju negara yang lebih maju.  

Pemanfaatan Aliran Air untuk Sistem Monitoring Arus 

Memanfaatkan Arus Air: Teknologi Terkini dalam Energi Mikrohidro zonaebt.com

Ilustrasi Air Terjun. Sumber: unsplash.com

Dalam sebuah penelitian tentang pemanfaatan aliran air yang digunakan untuk sistem monitoring arus, air mengalir seperti air sungai dan air terjun menjadi sarana untuk membuat sistem yang menampilkan data parameter output generator mikrohidro pada halaman web. Tampilan pada halaman web dapat dikontrol secara real-time. Dengan begitu, kita mudah mengakses dari jarak jauh. Penelitian tersebut menggunakan PLTMH yang memiliki standar tegangan 100 kilowatt. PLTMH ini termasuk skala kecil yang hanya bisa digunakan untuk listrik seperti lampu rumah. 

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Teknologi ini menjadi inovasi terbaru yang akan memajukan negara Indonesia. Dengan memanfaatkan sumber daya alam, kita bisa menciptakan teknologi yang cukup canggih dan menjaga ekosistem sumber daya alam. Aliran air yang dapat digunakan dalam pembangkit listrik mikrohidro adalah aliran air sungai, air terjun, dan laut. Ekosistem sungai lebih terjaga dengan adanya teknologi ini karena memanfaatkan energi alami. Dengan sistem monitoring, dapat melacak perkembangan proses kerja peralatan dan memastikan peralatan efisien untuk digunakan. 

Gambaran umum sistem monitoring arus dan tegangan pada generator mikrohidro adalah sebagai berikut.

Memanfaatkan Arus Air: Teknologi Terkini dalam Energi Mikrohidro zonaebt.com
Ilustrasi Generator. Sumber: unsplash.com

Tegangan pada Generator Mikrohidro Berbasis Web

Generator merupakan alat yang mengubah energi mekanik menjadi energi listrik. Generator jenis sinkron memiliki jangkar yang diam sebagai stator dan medan magnet yang berputar sebagai rotor. Menurut hukum faraday, generator akan bekerja apabila sepotong kawat penghantar listrik berada dalam medan magnet berubah-ubah, maka dalam kawat tersebut akan terbentuk gaya gerak listrik. Dalam membangun PLTMH, langkah pertama yang dilakukan adalah dengan membuat bendungan yang bertujuan untuk menjaga suplai air supaya lebih teratur. Bendungan dilengkapi dengan pintu sebagai filter yang akan berfungsi menyaring sampah. Bendungan diletakkan di dasar sungai agar kinerjanya stabil dan terhindar dari bencana alam banjir. Proses kerjanya berupa energi potensial air, yang mana energi tersebut berasal dari ketinggian yang turun ke bawah akibat gaya gravitasi. Energi tersebut dapat berubah menjadi energi kinetik yang mengenai turbin yang akan berputar. 

Mikrohidro generator akan dihubungkan ke beban yang akan dibaca oleh arus dan sensor tegangan pada Microcontroller Arduino. Data dan tegangan arus tersebut menjadi tolak ukur yang dikirim ke database agar bisa mengakses dan menggunakan protokol HTTP Request. Web monitoring sebagai output Graphical User Interface (GUI) mengambil data dari database untuk log data nilai tegangan dan arus. Tujuan dari adanya monitor berbasis web ini lebih memudahkan tenaga kerja dalam menganalisa perkembangan dan proses dari generator yang digunakan untuk menjalankan pembangkit listrik mikrohidro. Hadirnya teknologi canggih dapat dikatakan sangat membantu manusia dalam menjalankan suatu tugas. Bahkan dapat memanfaatkan sumber daya alam dengan baik. 

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Analisa Elektrolisis Air dari Hidrofilik pada Sel Bahan Bakar

Memanfaatkan Arus Air: Teknologi Terkini dalam Energi Mikrohidro zonaebt.com
Ilustrasi Sungai. Sumber: unsplash.com

Hidrofilik merupakan senyawa yang berkaitan dengan air. Senyawa ini bisa berkaitan dengan air karena memiliki bentuk yang polar. Daya hidrogen dalam bentuk sel bahan bakar (hidrogen fuell cells) menjadi bahan bakar yang ramah lingkungan dan efisien. Telah banyak perusahaan otomotif terkemuka di dunia yang menggunakan energi tersebut. Energi ini juga disebut hydrogen economy yang akan dikembangkan menjadi energi utama. Alkaline fuel cells menjadi salah satu teknologi sel bahan bakar yang akan di kembangkan secara luas untuk program energi listrik dan air pada pesawat luar angkasa oleh NASA. Sel bahan bakar tersebut menggunakan potasium hidroksida dalam air sebagai elektrolit. 

Elektrolisis air merupakan proses penguraian senyawa air (H2O) menjadi oksigen (O2) dan hidrogen gas (H2) dengan menggunakan arus listrik melalui air. Hasil senyawa tersebut dapat digunakan sebagai bahan bakar kendaraan hidrogen. Dari analisis tersebut, dapat disimpulkan bahwa sumber daya mikrohidro bisa menjadi bahan bakar yang ramah lingkungan dan efisien. Sebuah inovasi yang mungkin sebelumnya tidak terpikirkan, namun bisa terwujud di kehidupan nyata. Energi mikrohidro memiliki banyak manfaat baik untuk sumber daya alam, maupun kebutuhan hidup manusia. Inovasi pembangkit listrik mikrohidro ini menjadi teknologi terkini yang sangat bermanfaat bagi masyarakat.   

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Editor: Rewinur Alifianda Hera Umarul

Referensi :

[1] Analisis Kerja Generator Sinkron Unit PLTMH AEK RAISAN I Kab. Tapanuli Utara

[2] Pemanfaatan Aliran Air untuk Sistem Monitoring Arus dan Tegangan pada Generator Mikrohidro Berbasis Web

[3] Analisa Efisiensi Elektrolisis Air dari Hydrofill pada Sel Bahan Bakar

[4] Elektrolisis Air

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