• Archimedes Screw Turbine performance test at micro hydro power plants.
• Advantages of Archimedes Screw Turbines for micro hydro power plants.
• The influence of geometry on the Archimedes Screw Turbine.

The use of Archimedes Screw Turbines has changed to the use of water turbines at low heads. The performance of an Archimedes Screw Turbine is influenced by several parameters, such as turbine immersion level, turbine tilt angle, pitch ratio, and number of blades. There will be several risks if it does not comply with these parameters. When the turbine immersion is above the normal point, there will be a delay in rotation and a decrease in hydrostatic pressure. If there is a large angle of inclination, the water flow will exit the canal path and the water volume will decrease. So that it does not produce optimal power. Another thing with the pitch ratio is that if the water volume increases, the water movement will also become stronger. Meanwhile, the more blades there are, the less water volume there is.

Hydroelectric power plants (PLTA) work depending on the height (head) and water flow every second. The working principle of the Archimedes Screw Turbine is where the water flows through the turbine grille, which will drive the turbine and produce electrical energy from the generator. Turbines based on their flow have several types, such as impulse turbines, reaction turbines, and pump as turbines. The performance of this pump is different from other pumps, where the pump output becomes the input channel and vice versa.

One type of pump as a turbine is the Archimedes Screw Turbine. This turbine was originally an ancient equipment used to pump water that has been around for thousands of years. And the performance is the opposite of the turbine pumping system. In ancient times, the Archimedes Screw Turbine was discovered and used as a pump. The use of the Archimedes Screw Turbine functions as a source of hydropower energy in low head water turbines.

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Archimedes Screw Turbine Performance Test at Micro Hydro Power Plants

Illustration of River. Source: unsplash.com

The Archimedes Screw Turbine will be influenced by several parameters, such as turbine immersion level, turbine tilt angle, pitch ratio, and number of blades. On the influence of the turbine immersion level, if a disaster occurs, such as a flood, the water discharge passing through the turbine will increase due to the immersion of the bottom of the turbine at a certain level. These conditions will change the performance of the turbine, according to the water level. The influence of the blade tilt greatly affects the Archimedes screw turbine. A study carried out experimental tests on the inclination of the blades in an Archimedes Screw Turbine. The test results show that the greater the slope of the blades from 25 to 40 degrees, the greater the turbine power. The effect of the pitch ratio is on the ratio of the pitch dimensions and the outer diameter of the turbine. The same turbine length has a pitch ratio that influences the number and size. 

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Advantages of Archimedes Screw Turbines for Micro Hydro Power Plants

Illustration of water. Source: unsplash.com

The Archimedes Screw Turbine has several advantages over other turbines, such as this turbine is suitable to be developed in areas that have water sources and large enough water discharge, such as rivers but has a low head. Then it does not require a very complicated control system like other turbines, the water pressure on the turbine does not damage the ecosystem of living creatures in the water, does not require a draft tube, so it can reduce the development budget. Last, it has high efficiency, so it is suitable for small water discharges, does not require a net to prevent debris from entering the turbine. 

The Influence of Geometry on the Archimedes Screw Turbine

Renewable energy is one of the energies that has the potential for future energy needs. Renewable energy has been used in various corners of the world. Indonesia is one of the countries that has great potential in building micro hydro power plants. The development of hydroelectric energy certainly has a certain discharge and head. Based on research, Archimedes Screw Turbines can be searched for by external parameters, such as outer diameter, length and inclination angle, number of blades and pitch. The outer parameters can be determined from the blade placement location and the amount of water leaving the screw while the inner parameters are free to maximize the performance of the screw.

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Editor: Rewinur Alifianda Hera Umarul

Referensi:

[1] Analisa Pengaruh Tekanan Air terhadap Kinerja PLTMH dengan Menggunakan Turbin Archimedes Screw

[2] Kajian Teoritik Pengaruh Geometri dan Sudut Kemiringan Terhadap Kinerja Turbin Archimedes Screw

[3] Kajian Teoritis Uji Kerja Turbin Archimedes Screw pada Head Rendah