https://greeneration.org/
https://ecoxyztem.com/

Blue Carbon sebagai Benteng Alami Melawan Krisis Iklim

Padang rumput dasar laut memiliki kemampuan menangkap karbon. Sumber: chinadialogueocean.net
  • Blue carbon: karbon yang tersimpan dalam ekosistem pesisir dan laut
  • Blue carbon: berperan penting dalam mitigasi perubahan iklim
  • Konservasi dan restorasi ekosistem pesisir dapat meningkatkan karbon biru

Sobat EBT Heroes, hutan mangrove itu bak tameng alami. Di antara debur ombak dan hembusan angin laut, berdiri kokoh barisan pohon-pohon bakau. Akar-akar mereka mencengkeram kuat di lumpur pasang-surut, seolah menjaga garis pantai dari hantaman badai. Namun, keberadaan hutan mangrove tak hanya berfungsi sebagai pagar alam.

Di balik rimbun daun hijau mereka, tersimpan rahasia biru yang mampu menjadi senjata ampuh melawan krisis iklim yang kian membayangi. Rahasia biru itu bernama karbon biru atau blue carbon. Karbon yang tersimpan dalam biomassa dan sedimen hutan mangrove jauh lebih efektif dalam menyerap dan menyimpan karbon dioksida daripada hutan daratan.

Hutan mangrove diprediksi dapat menyimpan karbon hingga 4 kali lipat lebih banyak per hektare. Prosesnya pun unik. Akar-akar bakau yang terendam air laut bertindak layaknya pompa, menyaring karbon dioksida dan menyimpannya dalam jaringan mereka. Ketika mati dan terurai, karbon tersebut terkubur dalam lumpur, menciptakan “bank karbon” alami yang tahan lama.

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Blue Carbon adalah Benteng Pertahanan

Akar bakau dan lamun di lepas pantai Panama. Sumber: sustainabletravel.org

Blue carbon bukan sekadar angka dalam perhitungan emisi dan penyerapan. Ia merupakan salah satu benteng pertahanan ekosistem terhadap dampak perubahan iklim. Hutan mangrove yang sehat melindungi garis pantai dari erosi akibat kenaikan permukaan air laut, mencegah intrusi air asin ke daratan, dan menjadi rumah bagi keanekaragaman hayati. Mangrove adalah benteng biru yang sesungguhnya dalam menjaga keseimbangan ekosistem dan melindungi masa depan Bumi.

Namun, benteng biru nan alami itu tengah rapuh. Deforestasi mangrove untuk pembuatan tambak udang, pembukaan lahan untuk pemukiman, dan polusi laut mengancam keberlangsungan hutan-hutan ini. Indonesia, sebagai negara dengan salah satu luas mangrove terbesar di dunia, juga tak luput dari ancaman tersebut. Data yang dikeluarkan oleh Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan pada tahun 2019 menunjukkan bahwa laju deforestasi mangrove mencapai 23.600 hektare per tahun. Angka itu sangat mengkhawatirkan bagi kehidupan ekosistem di pesisir laut dan sekitarnya.

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Menyelamatkan Blue Carbon sebagai Benteng Biru

Ekosistem Laut. Sumber: kompas.com

Menyelamatkan benteng biru yang makin terancam ini tidak hanya tanggung jawab pemerintah, tetapi semua pihak. Masyarakat pesisir yang kehidupannya bergantung kepada laut memiliki peran krusial dalam menjaga kelestarian mangrove. Praktik budidaya berkelanjutan, seperti tambak ikan ramah lingkungan dan pemanfaatan produk mangrove non-kayu dapat menjadi alternatif ekonomi yang sejalan dengan konservasi.

Pemerintah juga perlu mengambil langkah nyata. Penegakan hukum terhadap pelaku perambahan mangrove, dukungan terhadap program rehabilitasi, dan peningkatan kesadaran masyarakat melalui edukasi lingkungan adalah langkah-langkah awal yang efektif. Inisiatif seperti program “Blue Forests” yang fokus pada konservasi dan restorasi mangrove bersama masyarakat lokal dapat ditiru dan diperluas skalanya.

Karbon biru dari hutan mangrove juga dapat menjadi sumber pendapatan melalui skema perdagangan karbon. Indonesia berpotensi menjadi pemain utama dalam pasar karbon global dengan nilai karbon biru mangrove yang diperkirakan mencapai miliaran dolar per tahun. Namun, hal ini perlu dilakukan dengan hati-hati agar tidak mengeksploitasi mangrove secara berlebihan dan tetap mengutamakan kelestarian alam.

Menyelamatkan benteng biru yang tengah terancam bukanlah semata-mata untuk masa depan, tetapi juga untuk keberlangsungan hidup saat ini. Hutan mangrove yang sehat menjamin pasokan ikan bagi para nelayan, melindungi pemukiman pesisir dari banjir dan badai, dan menjadi sumber wisata alam yang berkelanjutan. Dengan menjaga benteng biru, kita tidak hanya melawan krisis iklim, tetapi juga membangun masa depan yang lebih tangguh dan sejahtera bagi semua.

Peran Masyarakat Pesisir dalam Konservasi Mangrove

Hutan Mangrove. Sumber: zonaebt.com

Masyarakat pesisir memegang peran sentral dalam menjaga kelestarian mangrove. Sebab, mereka sangat bergantung pada ekosistem laut untuk kehidupan sehari-hari. Dalam konteks ini, budidaya berkelanjutan menjadi kunci dalam membangun hubungan yang seimbang antara kebutuhan ekonomi dan pelestarian lingkungan.

1. Budidaya Berkelanjutan:

  • Tambak Ikan Ramah Lingkungan: Masyarakat pesisir dapat mengadopsi praktik tambak ikan yang ramah lingkungan. Ini mencakup pemilihan lokasi yang tidak merusak ekosistem mangrove, penggunaan teknologi budidaya yang efisien, dan penerapan sistem pengelolaan yang berkelanjutan. Dengan demikian, tambak ikan dapat berkontribusi pada perekonomian lokal tanpa merugikan lingkungan.

2. Pemanfaatan Produk Mangrove Non-kayu:

  • Diversifikasi Produk: Masyarakat pesisir dapat menggali potensi produk mangrove non-kayu seperti tumbuhan obat, bahan pewarna alami, atau bahan baku untuk kerajinan lokal. Diversifikasi ini tidak hanya menciptakan alternatif ekonomi, tetapi juga mengurangi tekanan terhadap kayu mangrove yang biasanya dieksploitasi.

3. Kontribusi dan Tanggung Jawab Masyarakat Pesisir:

  • Penjagaan dan Pengawasan Lokal: Masyarakat pesisir memiliki pemahaman mendalam tentang lingkungan mereka. Oleh karena itu, mereka dapat berperan dalam penjagaan dan pengawasan lokal terhadap aktivitas yang dapat merugikan mangrove, seperti illegal logging atau perambahan.
  • Pendidikan Lingkungan: Masyarakat pesisir dapat berperan sebagai agen perubahan dengan memberikan edukasi tentang pentingnya mangrove dan dampak positif dari praktik budidaya berkelanjutan. Kesadaran ini menciptakan iklim yang mendukung konservasi mangrove secara berkelanjutan.

4. Pemberdayaan Ekonomi Lokal:

  • Keberlanjutan Ekonomi: Dengan mengadopsi praktik berkelanjutan, masyarakat pesisir tidak hanya menjaga lingkungan mereka tetapi juga membangun fondasi ekonomi yang tangguh. Pemberdayaan ekonomi lokal melalui inisiatif ini dapat meningkatkan kesejahteraan masyarakat secara keseluruhan.

5. Partisipasi dalam Program Konservasi:

  • Aktivisme Lingkungan: Masyarakat pesisir dapat aktif terlibat dalam program-program konservasi mangrove, seperti penanaman pohon mangrove, pemantauan kesehatan ekosistem, dan partisipasi dalam kegiatan restorasi. Hal ini mengukuhkan keterlibatan langsung mereka dalam melindungi sumber daya alam yang vital.

Karbon biru memiliki kontribusi yang besar dalam menghadapi perubahan iklim. Oleh karena itu, peran masyarakat pesisir dalam konservasi mangrove tidak hanya sebagai pengguna sumber daya alam, tetapi juga sebagai pelaku utama dalam menjaga keberlanjutan ekosistem laut yang krusial bagi keberlangsungan hidup mereka dan generasi mendatang.

#zonaebt #EBTHeroes #Sebarterbarukan

Editor: Alvin Pratama

Referensi:

[1] Blue carbon: How coastal ecosystems can help capture emissions

[2] Key Takeaways From the Webinar: Betting on Blue Carbon

[3] 5 Cara Menjaga Kelestarian Sumber Daya Laut

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Anindya Putri Narpati

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