- Potensi jumlah kotoran ternak di Indonesia pada tahun 2015 mencapai 345,7 ribu ton.
- Biogas merupakan gas dan bahan bakar yang dihasilkan oleh bakteri metanogenik anaerobik dari proses perombakan bahan-bahan organik (limbah ternak, kotoran manusia, dan sampah).
- Biogas dapat dipakai sebagai sumber energi alternatif bagi masyarakat contohnya energi listrik yang diintegrasikan dalam pembangkit tenaga listrik energi biogas (PLTBg).
Potensi jumlah kotoran ternak di Indonesia pada tahun 2015 mencapai 345,7 ribu ton, wah bukan main ya. Sobat EBT sudah tahu belum? Ternyata dengan bermodalkan limbah kotoran ternak yang dipandang sebelah mata dapat diubah menjadi energi listrik dan sumber cuan loh, bagaiman bisa ya? Tentu saja bisa, dengan mengonversi kotoran menjadi biogas.
Biogas merupakan gas dan bahan bakar yang dihasilkan oleh bakteri metanogenik anaerobik (bakteri penghasil gas metan yang hanya dapat hidup dalam kondisi bebas oksigen) dari proses perombakan bahan-bahan organik (limbah ternak, kotoran manusia, dan sampah). Karena sifat gas metan yang mudah terbakar, biogas dapat dipakai sebagai sumber energi alternatif bagi masyarakat contohnya energi listrik yang diintegrasikan dalam pembangkit tenaga listrik energi biogas (PLTBg).
Potensi sumber daya dan pemanfaatan di Indonesia masing-masing mencapai 489 juta m2 dan 32 gigawatt (GW). Namun untuk realisasinya masing-masing baru menunjukan angka 26 juta m2/tahun dan 5.500 megawatt. Dengan demikian peluang untuk mengembangkan bisnis energi terbarukan masih terbuka lebar.
Baca juga
- Yuk!! Gotong-royong Membangun Masa Depan Investasi Hijau di Indonesia
- Kolaborasi Mana dan KemBali Becik: Permintaan Pariwisata Hijau Makin Meningkat
Kotoran hewan yang sudah familiar digunakan di Indonesia untuk biogas salah satunya adalah kotoran sapi seperti yang dibuktikan oleh warga di Desa Krejengan, Kabupaten Probolinggo, Jawa Timur.
Warga mengubah kotoran sapi menjadi energi listrik dengan proses sederhana. Mereka membuat tabung sebagai penampung kotoran ditambah tabung untuk menampung gas yang disalurkan melalui pipa. Semakin banyak kotoran yang diolah, maka semakin banyak pula biogas yang dihasilkan.
Berkat biogas yang mereka ciptakan, mereka mengaku menjadi lebih hemat. Kini mereka tidak lagi perlu lagi membayar listrik dan membeli gas. Karena selain menghasilkan tenaga listrik untuk penerangan lampu, setrika, televisi dan keperluan listrik lain, biogas juga dapat digunakan sebagai pengganti gas untuk memasak. Dengan demikian warga Desa Krejengan lebih mandiri dan tidak bergantung pada listrik milik negara, hebat ya!
Tahukah kamu? Ternyata kotoran hewan seperti sapi mengandung gas metan (CH4). Gas ini efeknya 25 kali lipat jika dibandingkan dengan karbondioksida (CO2) sebagai penyebab pemanasan global. Dengan mengolah kotoran sapi menjadi biogas, maka jelas akan mengurangi emisi yang berdampak pada pemanasan global.
Baca juga
- Keren!! Blibli Perkuat Tujuan Bisnis Berkelanjutan
- Keren!! L’Oreal Indonesia, Membangun Model Bisnis Berkelanjutan
Lalu bagaimana proses kotoran ternak sehingga bisa menjadi energi listrik? Merangkum dari situs sumbarprov.go.id di bawah ini kita akan memberikan gambaran singkatnya.
- Mencampur kotoran sapi dengan air sampai terbentuk lumpur dengan perbandingan 1 : 1 pada bak penampung sementara. Bentuk lumpur akan mempermudah pemasukan ke dalam digester.
- Mengalirkan lumpur ke dalam digester melalui lubang pemasukan. Pada pengisian pertama kran gas yang ada di atas digester dibuka agar pemasukan lebih mudah dan udara yang ada di dalam digester terdesak keluar. Pada pengisian pertama ini dibutuhkan lumpur kotoran sapi dalam jumlah yang banyak sampai digester penuh.
- Melakukan penambahan starter (banyak dijual di pasaran) sebanyak 1 liter dan isi rumen segar dari rumah potong hewan (RPH) sebanyak 5 karung untuk kapasitas digester 3,5 – 5,0 m2. Setelah digester penuh, kran gas ditutup supaya terjadi proses fermentasi.
- Membuang gas yang pertama dihasilkan pada hari ke-1 sampai ke-8 karena yang terbentuk adalah gas CO2. Sedangkan pada hari ke-10 sampai hari ke-14 baru terbentuk gas metan (CH4) dan CO2 mulai menurun. Pada komposisi CH4 54% dan CO2 27% maka biogas akan menyala.
- Pada hari ke-14 gas yang terbentuk dapat digunakan untuk menyalakan api pada kompor gas atau kebutuhan lainnya. Mulai hari ke-14 ini kita sudah bisa menghasilkan energi biogas yang selalu terbarukan. Biogas ini tidak berbau seperti bau kotoran sapi. Selanjutnya, digester terus diisi lumpur kotoran sapi secara kontinu sehingga dihasilkan biogas yang optimal.
Gimana sobat EBT, cukup mudah dipraktikan ya? Yuk perlahan namun pasti kita mulai perbaiki dan jaga kelestarian bumi. Makin tahu Indonesia yang beragam punya potensi energi terbarukan bersama zonaebt.com
Referensi :
[1] Inilah 3 Peluang Bisnis Energi Terbarukan yang Cocok untuk Anak Muda, Siap Mencoba?
[2] Warga Probolinggo Hadirkan Listrik dari Kotoran Sapi
[3] CARA MEMBUAT BIOGAS DARI KOTORAN TERNAK
[4] Pengelolaan Limbah Ternak Menjadi Biogas
[5] Mengolah Kotoran Sapi, Hasilkan Energi dan Kurangi Emisi
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