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- Cangkang sawit ( Palm Kernel Shells ) adalah sisa pecahan cangkang setelah biji sawit dikeluarkan dan dihancurkan di palm oil mill.
- Cangkang sawit juga merupakan biomassa potensial yang bisa diolah menjadi produk hilir.
- Kementerian Perindustrian (Kemenperin) terus memacu perluasan pasar ekspor untuk industri pengolahan kelapa sawit, seperti pengapalan produk biomassa cangkang sawit ke negara Jepang.
Biomassa merupakan salah satu sumber energi alternatif yang dinilai lebih ramah lingkungan karena berasal dari bahan dan limbah organik sehingga menghasilkan buangan karbon yang lebih rendah. Berbagai bahan organik digunakan dan terus dikembangkan pemanfaatan nya sebagai sumber biomassa. Salah satu yang menjadi keunggulan dan berlimpah di Indonesia adalah cangkang sawit.
Cangkang sawit ( Palm Kernel Shells ) adalah sisa pecahan cangkang setelah biji sawit dikeluarkan dan dihancurkan di palm oil mill. Sumber daya penghasil biomassa dari cangkang sawit cukup disebabkan oleh perkembangan industri minyak kelapa sawit yang cepat di Indonesia, Malaysia dan Thailand.
Dalam proses pembuatan cangkang sawit, terdapat pecahan besar dan kecil bercampur dengan debu dan serat kecil. Kadar air dalam cangkang sawit tergolong rendah (11% – 13 %) dibandingkan residu biomassa lain dengan sumber yang berbeda. Jika dibandingkan dengan industri residu biomassa lainnya, cangkang sawit merupakan bahan bakar biomassa yang memiliki kualitas cukup baik dengan ukuran yang seragam, mudah dihancurkan dan proses pembakaran nya cukup cepat karena tingkat kelembapan cangkang sawit yang rendah.
Serat dan cangkang yang dihasilkan minyak kelapa sawit secara umum digunakan sebagai bahan bakar untuk ketel uap. Uap yang dihasilkan digunakan untuk menjalankan turbin yang memproduksi listrik. Hal ini lah yang menjadi salah satu potensi cangkang sawit sebagai penghasil listrik tenaga uap yang dihasilkan dari bahan organik biomassa.
Baca juga:
- Energi Terbarukan Biomassa Berbasis Kerakyatan Menuju Transisi Energi dan Target Netral Karbon 2060 di Indonesia
- Palm Shell Biomass is Proven to be Used as Fuel for Steam Power Plants
Cangkang sawit sebagai sumber biomassa dapat menjadi energi alternatif ketika harga batu bara meninggi dan menipis pasokannya. Apabila diolah dengan tepat, asap hasil pembakarannya dapat dibuat lebih ramah lingkungan. Tempurung atau lebih dikenal dengan sebutan cangkang kelapa sawit memiliki banyak kandungan unsur yang luar biasa, mulai dari kadar air yang lembab, intensitas abu yang minim, kadar penguapan yang tinggi sampai dengan kandungan karbon aktif.
Hal ini juga menjadi alasan utama pemanfaatan cangkang sawit sebagai sumber energi alternatif pengganti energi fosil, Namun, pemanfaatan cangkang sawit ini lebih difokuskan pada biomassa alternatif.
Cangkang sawit juga merupakan biomassa potensial yang bisa diolah menjadi produk hilir. Di Indonesia, potensi produksi cangkang sawit mencapai 11 juta ton per tahun, tetapi masih diekspor sekitar 3,5 juta ton per tahun dalam bentuk komoditas setengah jadi.
Kementerian Perindustrian (Kemenperin) terus memacu perluasan pasar ekspor untuk industri pengolahan kelapa sawit, seperti pengapalan produk biomassa cangkang sawit ke negara Jepang. Sebagai salah satu bentuk tanggung jawab pembinaan atas sektor industri pengolahan biomassa kelapa sawit, Kemenperin melalui fasilitasi Atase Perindustrian KBRI Tokyo menginisiasi kegiatan forum bisnis di Tokyo.
Kegiatan ini mempertemukan para pelaku usaha cangkang sawit yang tergabung dalam Asosiasi Pengusaha Cangkang Sawit Indonesia (APCASI) dengan Japan Biomass Power Association (BPA).
“Kami juga mendukung masuknya investasi di sektor industri hilir pengolahan cangkang sawit menjadi bahan bakar terbarukan dengan nilai kalori tinggi setelah komoditas tersebut diolah menjadi produk industri pellet biomassa dengan kerapatan energi yang lebih tinggi,” kata Direktur Jenderal Ketahanan, Perwilayahan, dan Akses Industri Internasional (KPAII) Kemenperin Eko SA Cahyanto di Jakarta, Kamis (29/9).
Baca juga:
Salah satu peluang investasi di sektor industri pengolahan cangkang sawit adalah produksi pellet (high-energy density biomass) yang dapat meningkatkan nilai kalori cangkang sawit menjadi setara dengan batu bara antrasit (6.100- 6.400 kcal per kg). Untuk pengembangan industri pellet cangkang sawit ini masih terdapat tantangan penyediaan teknologi permesinan yang canggih, termasuk yang telah dan sedang dikembangkan oleh fabrikasi permesinan dari Jepang seperti Sumitomo, Mitsubishi, dan Ishikawajima Harima Heavy Industri.
Peluang dan potensi cangkang sawit ini tentu saja menjadi salah satu komoditas sumber energi biomassa di Indonesia yang dapat mendukung pertumbuhan ekonomi dan transisi energi di Indonesia dan Asia dalam lingkup yang lebih besar. Dengan jalinan kerja sama dan pengembangan teknologi yang terus digalakkan oleh pemerintah, perusahaan, masyarakat, dan pihak-pihak lain, diharapkan potensi biomassa di Indonesia dapat terus berkembang dan transisi energi akan benar-benar tercapai di masa depan.
Referensi
[1] RI Bidik Ekspor Produk Biomassa Cangkang Sawit ke Jepang
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