- Salah satu sumber energi biomassa yang keberadaannya belum dimanfaatkan secara optimal karena dianggap sebagai limbah, adalah sekam padi.
- Ketersediaan biomassa di pedesaan berpotensi untuk digunakan dalam pembangkit listrik di wilayah dan kawasan yang belum terjangkau oleh layanan listrik.
- Mengutip dari jurnal yang diterbitkan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Departemen Pertanian RI, sekam padi memiliki potensi sebagai biomassa yang dapat digunakan untuk berbagai kebutuhan sehari-hari.
Keberadaan energi biomassa sebagai salah sumber energi terbarukan memiliki peran dalam mendukung ketahanan energi nasional pada umumnya dan ketahanan energi daerah pada khususnya.
Konsumsi energi di Indonesia dari tahun ke tahun mengalami peningkatan yang signifikan dan hal ini harus disadari oleh seluruh masyarakat. Sementara cadangan energi nasional akan semakin menipis sehingga harus ditemukan cadangan energi baru.
Energi terbarukan yang mempunyai potensi besar di Indonesia adalah biomassa. Oleh karena itu, perlu dilakukan berbagai terobosan dalam memanfaatkan biomassa.
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- Dari Pelepah Kelapa Menjadi Energi Biomassa Co-firing, Apakah Bisa?
Terobosan Sekam Padi
Salah satu sumber energi biomassa yang keberadaannya belum dimanfaatkan secara optimal karena dianggap sebagai limbah, adalah sekam padi. Selama ini sekam padi hanya dibakar begitu saja atau dijadikan sebagai media tanam
Sebagai negara agraris, Indonesia tentu memproduksi biomassa dalam jumlah besar. Salah satu limbah pertanian adalah sekam padi, berat sekam yang dihasilkan adalah 22% dari berat gabah kering giling.
Ketersediaan biomassa di pedesaan berpotensi untuk digunakan dalam pembangkit listrik di wilayah dan kawasan yang belum terjangkau oleh layanan listrik.
Sekam padi yang selama ini dipandang sebagai limbah yang dianggap sebagai polutan lingkungan sebenarnya adalah salah satu sumber energi biomasa yang dinilai sangat penting untuk menanggulangi krisis energi belakangan ini khususnya di daerah pedesaan.
Pada umumnya, sekam padi merupakan lapisan keras yang meliputi kariopsis yang terdiri dari dua belahan yang disebut lemma dan palea yang saling bertautan.
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- Segudang Manfaat Energi Biomassa untuk Sistem Ketenagalistrikan
- Perusahaan Kencana Lestari Akuisisi PT Biomassa Energi Jaya untuk Bangun Proyek Biomassa 3 MW
Pada proses penggilingan beras sekam akan terpisah dari butir beras dan menjadi bahan sisa atau limbah penggilingan. Sekam dikategorikan sebagai biomassa yang dapat digunakan untuk berbagai kebutuhan seperti bahan baku industri, pakan ternak dan energi atau bahan bakar. Dari proses penggilingan padi biasanya diperoleh sekam sekitar 20-30% dari bobot gabah.
Mengutip dari jurnal yang diterbitkan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Departemen Pertanian RI, sekam padi memiliki potensi sebagai biomassa yang dapat digunakan untuk berbagai kebutuhan sehari-hari.
Sekam padi setidaknya memiliki beberapa unsur kimia yang penting untuk dijadikan sebagai bahan baku pada industri kimia.
Pada industri rumahan, sekam dapat menjadi sumber energi panas yang dapat memenuhi keperluan manusia. Hal ini berkat kadar selulosa yang cukup tinggi sehingga dapat memberikan pembakaran yang lebih merata.
Pemanfaatan sekam di Indonesia saat ini masih sangat terbatas antara lain untuk media tanaman hias, pembakaran bata merah, atau sebagai pelindung balok es.
Selain itu, sekam juga di manfaatkan sebagai media pupuk, serta inkubasi ayam. Tetapi upaya tersebut belum cukup signifikan untuk mereduksi timbunan sekam, yang seolah menjadi pemandangan biasa di sekitar penggilingan padi.
Editor: Riana Nurhasanah
Referensi:
[1] “Sekam Padi Sebagai Sumber Energi Alternatif dalam Rumah Tangga Petani”
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