Korelasi Kualitas Lingkungan dengan Konsumsi Energi dan Pertumbuhan Ekonomi di Indonesia

  • Diakui secara umum bahwa ada yang jelas hubungan antara pertumbuhan ekonomi dan konsumsi energi. Kecepatan dan kapasitas ekonomi pembangunan selalu mendorong peningkatan konsumsi energi.
  • Seiring dengan kemajuan dan perkembangan ekonomi, pembangunan diikuti oleh masalah ekologi. Ada timbal balik, terutama di negara berkembang, bahwa pembangunan selain berdampak pada pertumbuhan ekonomi akan menyebabkan kerusakan lingkungan.
  • secara empiris membuktikan bahwa semakin maju suatu negara, kesadaran akan pentingnya kualitas lingkungan harus lebih baik. Pertumbuhan ekonomi akan diikuti oleh perbaikan kualitas lingkungan.

Energi telah dianggap sebagai motor kemajuan ekonomi. Namun, pertumbuhan ekonomi dapat memberikan begitu banyak tekanan pada lingkungan melalui konsumsi energi sebagai saluran transmisi. Hal ini berdampak pada kontradiksi pertumbuhan ekonomi nasional dan pertumbuhan ekonomi kebijakan yang diadopsi oleh tujuan lingkungan. Besar tantangan untuk menengahi antara pertumbuhan ekonomi dan masalah lingkungan. Ini menjadi menarik dan paling penting pada pembangunan ekonomi berkelanjutan ketika isu ekologi dan lingkungan dibawa ke perdebatan pembangunan karena mencakup kesejahteraan semua generasi. Tujuan utama dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis secara empiris dampak konsumsi energi dan pertumbuhan ekonomi terhadap kualitas lingkungan yang diukur dengan indeks kualitas lingkungan. Penelitian ini menggunakan model ekonometrik data panel dari 34 provinsi di Indonesia sepanjang 2011-2016. Studi menemukan hubungan jangka panjang antara energi konsumsi dan pertumbuhan ekonomi terhadap kualitas lingkungan di Indonesia. Salah satu upaya pemerintah Indonesia dalam hal mengurangi perusakan lingkungan adalah untuk mengurangi emisi gas rumah kaca. Upaya untuk mengurangi emisi gas rumah kaca sesuai dengan target yang tercantum pada Kontribusi yang Ditentukan Secara Nasional (NDC).

Baca Juga :



Target pengurangan emisi pada NDC adalah 29 persen pada tahun 2030 yaitu 834 juta ton senilai CO2 untuk semua sektor. Sektor energi sendiri mendapat porsi pengurangan sendiri sebesar 314 juta ton CO2e. Emisi gas rumah kaca pada energi sektor itu sendiri pada tahun 2016 adalah 517,508 Gg CO2. Yang terbesar penyumbang gas rumah kaca masing-masing adalah energi industri produsen (47,81 persen), transportasi (24,71 persen), industri manufaktur dan konstruksi (14,74 persen), emisi buronan minyak bumi dan gas alam (3,73 persen), lainnya (1,63 persen), dan buron emisi bahan bakar padat (0,43 persen). Terdapat subkategori pembangkit listrik sebagai sumber emisi terbesar.

Diakui secara umum bahwa ada yang jelas hubungan antara pertumbuhan ekonomi dan konsumsi energi. Kecepatan dan kapasitas ekonomi pembangunan selalu mendorong peningkatan konsumsi energi. Ada masalah seperti konsumsi energi yang tidak diakomodasi dan tidak terstruktur, ketergantungan pada impor, efisiensi rendah dan polusi adalah beberapa penghambat pertumbuhan ekonomi yang berkelanjutan. Oleh karena itu, ada kebutuhan yang muncul untuk menganalisis arus konsumsi energi dan pengaruhnya terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi dan konsumsi energi terhadap kualitas lingkungan di beberapa negara. Seiring dengan kemajuan dan perkembangan ekonomi, pembangunan diikuti oleh masalah ekologi. Ada timbal balik, terutama di negara berkembang, bahwa pembangunan selain berdampak pada pertumbuhan ekonomi akan menyebabkan kerusakan lingkungan. Hal tersebut berhubungan dengan proses pembangunan yang masih terkonsentrasi pada sektor primer, industrialisasi dengan energi kebutuhan bahan pencemar yang berpotensi tinggi, sedangkan teknologi yang digunakan juga tidak ramah lingkungan.

Baca Juga :



Secara empiris membuktikan bahwa semakin maju suatu negara, kesadaran akan pentingnya kualitas lingkungan harus lebih baik. Pertumbuhan ekonomi akan diikuti oleh perbaikan kualitas lingkungan. Namun, penggunaan energi baik oleh industri maupun rumah tangga secara empiris masih berpengaruh negatif terhadap lingkungan. Semakin tinggi kesadaran akan pentingnya energi dan dampaknya terhadap lingkungan, maka perlu didukung penghematan energi, yakni energi baru yang hemat energi dan ramah lingkungan. Seiring dengan semakin tingginya konsumsi energi yang diharapkan akan meningkatkan pertumbuhan ekonomi, maka hal ini akan memberikan efek terhadap kualitas lingkungan. Terlebih lagi, sumber energi yang digunakan masih didominasi dari sumber energi fosil atau energi tidak terbarukan. Mendominasinya pemakaian sumber energi fosil, maka hal ini akan meningkatkan emisi karbon dioksida di udara terutama dari penggunaan bahan bakar minyak pada kendaraan maupun industri serta pembangkit listrik. Konsumsi energi memiliki pengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap emisi karbon dioksida. Pertumbuhan ekonomi berhubungan positif dan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kualitas lingkungan ditinjau melalui emisi karbondioksida, sedangkan konsumsi energi berhubungan negatif dan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kualitas lingkungan ditinjau melalui emisi karbondioksida di Indonesia Tahun 2008-2017. Dengan demikian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa Pertumbuhan Ekonomi dan Konsumsi Energi dapat mempengaruhi tingkat Emisi Karbondioksida di Indonesia.

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Editor: Riana Nurhasanah

Referensi:

Oktavilia, Shanty et al. 2019. Effect of Energy Consumption and Economic Growth towards the environmental quality of Indonesia. ICENIS. E3S W eb of Conferences.

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