![](https://zonaebt.com/wp-content/uploads/menilik-kesiapan-pelarangan-ekspor-bauksit-BGoJCUQksG.jpg)
- Indonesia negara terbesar ke-6 yang memiliki cadangan bauksit global
- Bauksit adalah mineral yang mengandung alumunium sebagai bahan baku dalam pembuatan panel surya.
- Pemerintah Indonesia telah melakukan upaya untuk mendorong pengembangan industri panel surya dan pemanfaatannya di Indonesia. Salah satunya dengan melarang ekspor bijih bauksit ke luar negeri.
Indonesia merupakan negara yang kaya akan sumber daya alam, termasuk cadangan bauksit yang melimpah. Bauksit adalah bahan baku utama dalam pembuatan panel surya. Siapa sangka ternyata Indonesia negara terbesar ke-6 yang memiliki cadangan bauksit global. Dalam artikel ini, akan dibahas potensi Indonesia sebagai produsen panel surya berdasarkan cadangan bauksit yang dimilikinya.
Mengenal Apa itu Bauksit
![](https://zonaebt.com/wp-content/uploads/tambang-bauksit-2_169.jpeg)
Bauksit adalah mineral yang mengandung alumunium sebagai bahan baku dalam pembuatan panel surya. Bauksit memiliki kandungan aluminium oksida yang tinggi, tahan korosi, menjadi penghantar listrik yang baik dan merupakan sumber utama aluminium di dunia.
Bauksit terdiri dari tiga jenis mineral aluminium hidrat seperti boehmite, gibsit, dan diaspora. Mineral tersebut sering diasosiasikan dengan mineral kuarsa, lempung (kaoin), bijih Fe-Ti, dan mineral lainnya. Bauksit sebagai bahan mentah kemudian menjadi alumunium dapat digunakan sebagai bahan baku untuk berbagai industri seperti otomotif, perlengkapan rumah tangga hingga teknologi panel surya.
Potensi Cadangan Bauksit di Indonesia
Ternyata Indonesia memiliki cadangan bauksit yang cukup melimpah, tersebar mulai dari pulau Sumatera, Jawa, dan Kalimantan. Untuk cadangan bauksit yang terbesar terdapat di Pulau Kalimantan. Potensi ini membuat Indonesia menjadi negara yang strategis dalam industri pertambangan mineral tersebut. Produksi rata-rata bauksit di Indonesia mencapai 31,4 juta per tahun, namun kebutuhan domestik hanya mencapai 7 juta ton. Dengan kata lain produksi bauksit dominan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan pasar ekspor.
![](https://zonaebt.com/wp-content/uploads/029tG-volume-cadangan-bauksit-global-2022-.png)
Berdasarkan United States Geological Survey (USGS)telah memperkirakan volume cadangan bauksit global mencapai 31 miliar metrik ton kering pada tahun 2022. Indonesia menduduki peringkat ke-6 global yang memiliki cadangan bauksit dengan volume 1 miliar. Sementara, peringkat pertama negara yang memiliki cadangan bauksit terbesar di dunia yaitu Guinea, Afrika Barat sebanyak 7,4 miliar ton kering.
Baca Juga:
- Mineral Kritis Jadi Komoditas Utama Panel Surya
- Indonesia: Potensi Besar Tenaga Surya Masih Kurang di Optimalkan
Langkah-langkah Pemerintah dalam Mendukung Pengembangan Industri Panel Surya
Pemerintah Indonesia telah melakukan upaya untuk mendorong pengembangan industri panel surya dan pemanfaatannya di Indonesia. Salah satunya dengan melarang ekspor bijih bauksit ke luar negeri. Alasannya karena untuk mendorong pengembangan industri pengolahan dan pemurnian (smelter) di dalam negeri.
![](https://zonaebt.com/wp-content/uploads/IMG-20221221-WA0124-750x500-1.jpg)
Hal tersebut telah ditegaskan oleh Presiden Joko Widodo bahwa akan menghentikan ekspor komoditas mineral mentah pada Juni 2023 termasuk bauksit. Diungkapkan Presiden pada acara Mandiri Investment Forum (1/2/2023) alasan diberhentikan ekspor bauksit karena Indonesia menjadi nomor 3 di dunia ekspor bahan mentah bauksit sedangkan alumunium nomor 33. Jika diolah terlebih dahulu akan bertambah nilainya mengingat kegunaan aluminium di kehidupan. Bahkan jika diolah menjadi panel surya Indonesia menempati nomor 31 dunia. Padahal nilai tambah penjualan panel surya bisa mencapai 194 kali lipat dibandingkan bauksit mentah.
Saat ini Deputi Bidang Koordinasi Investasi dan Pertambangan Kemenko Marves, Septian Hario Seto berupaya menyelesaikan road map bauksit untuk proses pengolahan bauksit menjadi alumina dan akan diolah menjadi alumunium. Proses smelting dan refining untuk menjadi aluminium membutuhkan energi cukup besar, pemerintah akan menyiapkan pasokan listrik dari pembangkit Energi Baru dan Terbarukan (EBT), ujar Seto.
Meskipun bauksit sendiri tidak digunakan secara langsung dalam panel surya, penting untuk diingat bahwa alumina yang diekstraksi dari bauksit merupakan komponen penting dalam produksi aluminium. Aluminium digunakan sebagai bagian struktur frame atau mounting system pada panel surya.
Dengan memanfaatkan cadangan bauksit yang melimpah, Indonesia dapat berkontribusi signifikan terhadap pertumbuhan industri panel surya. Produksi panel surya yang lebih efisien dan terjangkau akan menjadi lebih mungkin dengan pasokan aluminium yang stabil dan memadai dari bahan baku bauksit. Hal ini dapat mempercepat adopsi panel surya di tingkat nasional dan internasional.
Tantangan dan Keberlanjutan
Meskipun Indonesia memiliki potensi bauksit yang melimpah, ada tantangan yang perlu diatasi. Praktik pertambangan yang berkelanjutan dan pengelolaan lingkungan yang baik harus menjadi fokus utama. Apabila tidak berkelanjutan akan mengakibatkan kerusakan ekosistem, erosi tanah, dan degradasi lahan. Penting untuk mengimplementasikan praktik pertambangan yang ramah lingkungan, termasuk pemulihan lahan pasca-tambang.
Perlunya menjaga keseimbangan antara eksploitasi sumber daya dan perlindungan lingkungan dan masyarakat setempat tidak boleh diabaikan. Hal ini dapat dilakukan kolaborasi antara pemerintah dan industri. Pemerintah perlu memiliki regulasi yang ketat terkait pertambangan bauksit dan pengolahan aluminium. Industri harus berkomitmen untuk mematuhi standar lingkungan dan sosial yang tinggi.
Sobat EBT Heroes, kita jadi semakin tahu potensi sumber daya bauksit yang melimpah di Indonesia memberikan peluang besar bagi industri panel surya. Dengan memanfaatkan cadangan bauksit ini secara bijak dan berkelanjutan, Indonesia dapat menjadi pemain kunci dalam mendukung pertumbuhan energi terbarukan melalui produksi panel surya. Upaya kolaboratif antara pemerintah, industri, dan masyarakat sangat penting untuk mengoptimalkan manfaat dari potensi bauksit yang melimpah ini dalam konteks energi terbarukan global.
#zonaebt #sebarterbarukan #ebtheroes
Editor: Gabriel Angeline Farenita Kusuma Putri
Sumber:
Indonesia Punya 1,2 Miliar Ton Cadangan Bauksit, Terbesar ke-6 Dunia
Pantas Jokowi Setop Ekspor Bauksit! Ternyata RI Mau Bikin Ini
Punya Senjata Utama, RI Bisa Jadi Poros Green Energy Dunia
Indonesia, Negara dengan Cadangan Bauksit Terbesar ke-6 Global pada 2022
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