![](https://zonaebt.com/wp-content/uploads/Nuklir.jpg)
- Banyak faktor yang menjadikan pembangkit nuklir masih belum tercapai di Indonesia.
- Pembangunan PLTN di Indonesia masih diantara kebimbangan karena banyaknya pro kontra yang terjadi.
- apa saja yang harus diperhatikan ketika membangun PLTN untuk pertama kalinya di Indonesia
Taukah Sobat EBT Heroes, Indonesia memiliki reaktor nuklir yang beroperasi sejak 1979, yaitu Reaktor Kartini. Tidak hanya itu, Indonesia memili dua reaktor nuklir lainnya yaitu reaktor TRIGA 2000 di Bandung, dan reaktor GA. Siwabessy di Serpong. Namun, ketiga reaktor nuklir tersebut hanya dimanfaatkan untuk riset, tidak dialirkan sebagai pembangkit energi.
Pembangkit energi nuklir masih terdengar asing bagi sebagian masyarakat Indonesia. Banyak faktor yang menjadikan pembangkit nuklir masih belum tercapai di Indonesia. Salah satunya adalah karena nuklir yang dianggap sangat berbahaya, nuklir masih menyimpan memori negatif setelah bencana reaktor nuklir yang menimpa Ukraina dan Jepang. Dimana bencana tersebut mengakibatkan berbagai macam dampak yang merugikan. Hal itu menjadi penyebab masih diragukannya Nuklir sebagai pembangkit energi di Indonesia. Walapun demikian, dampak positif dari penggunaan energi nuklir akan terasa besar untuk kedepannya.
Baca juga
- Pembangkit Nuklir sebagai Sumber Energi Bersih: Mitos dan Realitas
- Proyek Reaktor Nuklir TerraPower LLC Berteknogi Garam
Sobat EBT Heroes harus makin tahu Indonesia memiliki cadangan uranium dan Thorium yang sangat melimpah untuk pembangkit nuklir, namun masih belum dimanfaatkan dengan maksimal. Indonesia masih fokus memanfaatkan pembangkit energi lain seperti batu bara, uap, angin, surya, dan lainnya. Namun mengapa nuklir masih belum menjadi pilihan yang tepat sebagai pembangkit energi yang efektif di Indonesia?
Pro Kontra Menghadapi PLTN
![](https://zonaebt.com/wp-content/uploads/Pro-kontra-pltn.jpg)
Ilustrasi Pro Kotra PLTN. Sumber: Katadata.co.id
Pembangunan PLTN di Indonesia masih diantara kebimbangan karena banyaknya pro kontra yang terjadi. Beberapa faktor menjadi tantangan pendirian reaktor nuklir di Indonesia seperti salah satunya adalah dimana biaya yang harus digelontorkan untuk membangun PLTN berskala kecil bisa senilai triliunan rupiah. Walaupun demikian, biaya yang dikeluarkan akan tertutupi dengan keuntungan negara kedepannya yang akan memiliki asupan energi listrik yang besar dan persediaan cadangan yang melimpah.
Selain persoalan terkait biaya yang tinggi, masih ada faktor klise lainnya yang menyebabkan pembangunan terhalang, yaitu masih adanya penolakan dari masyarakat. Berkaca dari kecelakaan yang terjadi di Ukraina dan Jepang, mengakibatkan terbangunnya persepsi buruk masyarakat terhadap pemanfaatan nuklir. Ditambah dengan minimnya pengetahuan yang dimiliki masyarakat terkait hal tersebut, menjadikan pemerintah harus lebih giat dalam mengedukasi dan melakukan pendekatan kepada masyarakat terkait literasi lingkungan.
Baca juga
Pemanfaatan PLTN dapat menjadi terobosan dalam mencapai target bauran energi baru dan terbarukan (EBT) yang ditetapkan oleh pemerintah mencapai 23 persen pada tahun 2025, namun sepertinya misi tersebut belum dapat tercapai dengan maksimal. Pemerintah belum dapat membangun reaktor nuklir sebelum mendapat persetujuan dari masyarakat. Maka hingga kini reaktor nuklir di Indonesia sebagai pembangkit tenaga listrik masih belum mendapatkan restu untuk didirikan.
Aspek yang Diperhatikan ketika Membangun PLTN
![](https://zonaebt.com/wp-content/uploads/2.jpeg)
Ilustrasi Perencanaan Pembangunan PLTN. Sumber: Trans89.com
Kira-kira apa saja yang harus diperhatikan ketika membangun PLTN untuk pertama kalinya di Indonesia?
- Lokasi yang Jauh Dari Tsunami
Lokasi pembangkit listrik tenaga nuklir harus berada jauh dari laut. Hal tersebut untuk menghindari apabila terjadi bencana tsunami yang bisa mempengaruhi tempat reaktor nuklir, sehingga dalam bahaya dan tidak aman. Arus air laut yang besar dapat menghanyutkan berbagai komponen dan menghancurkan bangunan.
- Lokasi Tidak Berada Di Patahan Gempa
Hal yang harus diperhatikan lainnya adalah tempat PLTN tidak berada di kawasan patahan gempa. Hal ini tentu usaha untuk meminimalisir pengaruh gempa yang bisa menghancurkan bangunan tempat pembangkit energi nuklir berada. Gempa dengan kekuatan 8 skala richter dapat menghancurkan bangunan, maka dari itu PLTN harus dibuat tahan gempa yang mencapai 9 skala richter.
- Jauh Dari Dampak Gunung Meletus
Dampak dari gunung meletus yaitu salah satunya mengakibatkan guncangan tanah dan puncak gunung mengeluarkan abu vulkanik yang dapat menyebarluas di udara. Hal tersebut dapat mempengaruhi pembangkit nuklir, dimana guncangan yang terjadi dapat merusak bangunan dan abu vulkanik yang menyebarluas dapat mencemari reaktor nuklir. Apalagi Indonesia menjadi salah satu negara dengan gunung berapi aktif terbanyak di dunia, menjadikan hal tersebut harus sangat diperhatikan oleh pemerintah.
Letak geografis Indonesia berada di wilayah Ring of Fire atau Cincin Api Pasifik, yakni pertemuan tiga lempeng tektonik dunia. Oleh sebab itu, Indonesia termasuk negara yang rawan dilanda bencana seperti gempa bumi, letusan gunung berapi hingga tsunami.
- Kondisi Cuaca yang Mendukung
Cuaca di Indonesia terkadang sulit untuk diprediksi. Indonesia adalah negara tropis yang hanya memiliki dua musim, kemarau dan hujan. Pembangunan pembangkit listrik tenaga nuklir harus berada di tempat yang cuacanya mendukung. Kondisi cuaca yang kurang baik dapat mempengaruhi produksi nuklir sebagai tenaga listrik. Maka hal tersebut juga harus menjadi perhatian ketika akan mendirikan PLTN.
Walau nuklir pembangkit tenaga nuklir masih dalam kebimbangan, namun bukan tidak mungkin Indonesia akan memanfaatkan nuklir sebagai pembangkit energi di masa depan. Gimana Sobat EBT Heroes, makin tahu Indonesia kan?
#zonaebt #sebarterbarukan #ebtheroes
Editor: Nur Wasilatus Sholeha
Referensi:
[1] 44 Tahun Reaktor Kartini, Bukti Nuklir Aman Digunakan di RI?
[2] Menilik Pesona Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Nuklir di Indonesia
[3] Pembangunan Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Nuklir Masih Hadapi Tantangan
[4] Ini Dia Syarat-syarat Membangun PLTN di Indonesia
[5] Apa itu Ring of Fire? Penyebab Indonesia Rawan Dilanda Gempa
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