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- Masalah Sampah di Bali yang Menjadi Perhatian
- Kesadaran Warga Bali dalam Menangani Sampah Organik
- Solusi Sampah Organik dengan Teba Modern
Sampah merupakan hal yang lekat dengan kehidupan manusia. Sisa produk setelah pakai oleh masyarakat secara umum terdapat 2 kategori yaitu organik dan anorganik. Pemilahan sampah dapat mempermudah sampah itu untuk diolah kembali/dapat di daur ulang ataupun menjadi dengan kategorinya masing masing.
Sampah menjadi salah satu masalah lingkungan yang mendesak untuk diatasi di seluruh dunia.Penumpukan sampah telah menjadi ancaman serius bagi lingkungan dan kesehatan manusia. Pasalnya dalam beberapa tahun terakhir, masalah sampah semakin memprihatinkan di Indonesia dan menjadi perhatian serius bagi pemerintah dan masyarakat.
Lain cerita masalah sampah di Bali yang kini menjadi pembuka harapan dalam menghadapi sampah khususnya sampah organik. Hampir di setiap daerah di Bali memiliki cara unik dalam menangani Solusi sampah organik yaitu dengan membuat Teba yang menjadi kebiasaan Masyarakat bali sampai saat ini yang patut di contoh dalam mengurangi sampah organik.
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Masalah Sampah di Bali yang Menjadi Perhatian
![](https://zonaebt.com/wp-content/uploads/sampah-baliidn.jpg)
Sampah Bali mencapai 4 ton dengan 11 persen dari total ton yang diangkut setiap hari dibuang ke laut dalam temuan Bali Partnership dan dipaparkan dalam pertemuan di Kantor Gubernur Bali (20/06/19).
Survei terhadap 949 pemangku kepentingan pengelolaan sampah digunakan untuk mengumpulkan data, serta 234 survei jenis sampah dan 100 survei di 10 tempat pembuangan akhir (TPA) dan sampah jalanan.
Di Bali, Departemen Lingkungan Hidup (DLH), Badan Perencanaan Pembangunan Daerah (Bapeda), Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS), dan Institut Teknologi Bali (ITB) menyediakan data sekunder selain data primer. Jumlah tahunannya mencapai 1,5 juta ton.
Penanganan sampah di Bali dapat terjadi karena penanganan sampah yang kurang tepat. Hasil riset menunjukkan bahwa 90 persen populasi di Bali hidup di wilayah berjarak 1 km dari kawasan air.
“Inilah perhatian kami kenapa banyak sampah hanyut sampai laut,” katanya.
Disisi lain Gary Bencheguib, salah satu pendiri Sungai Watch, sebuah organisasi nirlaba yang bertujuan mengatasi sampah, khususnya plastik, di sungai-sungai di Indonesia.
Benchgibb menegaskan, sampah yang banyak ditemukan di pantai-pantai di Bali sebenarnya berasal dari sungai-sungai yang mengalir ke laut, dan bukan karena kebiasaan buruk pengunjung pantai yang sering membuang sampah sembarangan.
“Studi yang dilakukan oleh Bali Partnership pada tahun 2019 menemukan bahwa lebih dari 33.000 ton sampah plastik masuk ke laut melalui sungai Bali setiap tahunnya.
Artinya, hanya 1% sampah plastik yang dihasilkan di Bali setiap tahunnya yang dapat dipulihkan,” jelasnya.
Kesadaran Masyarakat Bali dalam Menangani Sampah Organik
![](https://zonaebt.com/wp-content/uploads/teba-mongabay.jpg)
Kepala Bapelitbang (Badan Perencanaan Penelitian, dan Pengembangan) Tabanan, I Gede Urip Gunawan, mengatakan dalam mengatasi permasalahan sampah di Kabupaten Tabanan mengikuti Desa Gianyar yang sukses dalam menangani sampah dengan teba.
Lokasi penerapan teba modern ini akan dilakukan di Desa Dajan Peken, Kecamatan Tabanan. Akan ada 37 titik teba modern yang akan dibuat sebagai contoh. Di desa lain, Made Darmawan, Bendesa Adat Petiga menegaskan penanganan sampah organik dengan teba modern sudah diterapkan di desanya.
“Saat ini di Banjar Petiga Kangin sudah ada 26 titik yang dijadikan percontohan Teba Modern, untuk biaya membuat Teba Modern ini mencapai Rp 750 ribu per unit dan pembuatannya kami lakukan secara swadaya,” terangnya.
Mayoritas Masyarakat Bali sering menyisakan sampah organik dari produksi rumah tangga salah satu contohnya seperti sisa sisa persembahan yang sering digunakan sehari hari. Masyarakat Bali memiliki sistem pengelolaan sampah mandiri pedesaan (Pesan PEDE).
Ketua komunitas PEDE mengatakan bahwa warga diberikan pilihan untuk memilah sampah dalam 3 tempat pembuangan. Dalam kurun waktu 2019 masyarakat bali berhasil menerapkan sistem pede ini hingga sekarang. Sistem ini dibangun dalam bentuk Teba modern yaitu sumur komposer. Dalam kurun waktu 1.5 tahun sampah organik ini menjadi kompos yang dapat dijual ataupun dapat sebagai pupuk untuk tanaman.
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Solusi Sampah Organik dengan Teba Modern
![](https://zonaebt.com/wp-content/uploads/teba-baliidn.jpg)
Teba modern adalah ide untuk mengubah sampah organik menjadi kompos biodegradable, yang dirancang sebagai ‘komposter’ yang dapat digunakan oleh setiap anggota rumah tangga. Sumur kompos merupakan saluran yang memiliki diameter 80 sentimeter yang setara dengan dimensi bangunan beton.
Dua balok beton ditempatkan di dalam tanah, dengan bagian bawah dibiarkan di tempatnya untuk menggunakan tanah sebagai penyangga ekosistem organik yang membusuk. Lubang yang lebih dalam sekitar 3 meter juga telah dicoba, namun mekanisme penguraiannya kurang optimal sehingga sampah sulit terurai.
Bagian atas lubang diisi dengan penutup dan dibuat lubang untuk mengeluarkan gas dan hama berbahaya. Beberapa di antaranya tertanam kuat di tanah. Ada juga yang berada di atas permukaan tanah dengan lubang di bagian bawahnya.
Biasanya warga yang membangun model kompos yang menjulang tinggi ini memanfaatkannya sebagai meja mirip taman dan ada juga lubang berbentuk kotak di lantai. Masyarakat Bali dapat menangani sampah organik dalam kehidupan sehari-harinya, yuk kita jaga lingkungan kita bebas sampah dengan mencontoh kebiasaan baik masyarakat Bali.
#ZonaEBT #EBTHeroes #sebarterbarukan
Editor: Bellinda Putri Hidayat
Referensi :
[1] Tabanan Akan Menerapkan Teba Modern untuk Atasi Sampah
[2] Melihat Cara Desa Petiga Menanggulangi Masalah Sampah
[3] Teba Modern, Cara Desa Celuk Bali Bebas Sampah Organik
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