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Mengintip Pengoptimalisasian Limbah Minyak Kelapa Sawit Dalam Biodesel

Ilustrasi limbah kelapa sawit. Sumber: planetusaha.com
  • Indonesia merupakan negara pengekspor minyak kelapa sawit terbesar di dunia.
  • Konsekuensinya jika tidak ditangani dengan baik maka limbah kelapa sawit akan mencemari lingkungan.
  • Dalam solar yang biasa kita gunakan sehari-hari terdapat kandungan minyak kelapa sawit sebanyak 20%  (B20), itu sebabnya disebut biosolar atau biodiesel.

Indonesia merupakan negara pengekspor minyak kelapa sawit terbesar di dunia. Pada tahun 2018 tercatat tersedianya 12,8 juta hektar lahan perkebunan kelapa sawit dan berdirinya lebih dari 850 pabrik kelapa sawit yang tersebar sebagian besarnya di Sumatera dan Kalimantan.

Konsekuensinya jika tidak ditangani dengan baik maka limbah kelapa sawit akan mencemari lingkungan, oleh karenanya pihak-pihak terkait mulai memanfaatkannya sebagai peluang bisnis Energi Terbarukan (EBT). Dengan ini mereka mulai mengembangkan ekosistem bisnis limbah kelapa sawit, sekaligus memberdayakan masyarakat lokal.

Dilansir dari Badan Pengelola Dana Perkebunan Sawit (BPDP), Irma Rachmania Ketua Bidang Marketing Asosiasi Produsen Biofuel Indonesia (APROBI) mengatakan bahwasannya “Ternyata di tahun ini (2021), kita sudah berhasil hampir tidak impor minyak solar lagi. Karena sudah dicukupi oleh biodiesel yang menggantikan minyak solar. Biodiesel B30 adalah bahan bakar yang berasal dari campuran minyak sawit 30% dan minyak solar 70%”. Yang mana persentase ini diatas negara-negara lain seperti Argentina, Brazil, hingga Amerika Serikat masing-masing baru memasuki B10, B12, dan B20. 

Perkebunan kelapa sawit di Indonesia menghasilkan dua jenis energi terbaharui (renewable energy) yakni:

  1. Biofuel generasi pertama (first generation biofuel) berupa biodiesel.
  2. Biofuel generasi kedua (second generation biofuel) berupa bioethanol (berbasis biomas) dan biogas (berbasis POME).

Kedua energi tersebut dihasilkan secara bersamaan (joint product) dan berkelanjutan.

Baca juga

Cara proses produksi biodesel di Sinar Mas Agribusiness and Food menggunakan metode transesterifikasi, berikut ini tahapan dan penjelasan singkatnya:

  1. Pemurnian minyak sawit mentah/Crude Palm Oil (CPO) diproses menjadi Refined, Bleached and Deodorised Palm Oil (RBDPO)
  2. Transesterifikasi, methanol dan sodium methylate kemudian dicampur dengan RBDPO di mesin mixer dengan suhu diantara 65-75°C. Hasil campuran tersebut kemudian didiamkan selama 1-2 jam hingga endapan FAME (Fatty Acid Methyl Ester) dan gliserin terpisah dengan sendirinya.
  3. FAME kemudian melewati proses pencucian dengan pengaturan suhu air diantara 65-75°C dan Ph 4-6, proses pencucian ini untuk menghilangkan berbagai senyawa yang dapat memengaruhi kualitasnya.
  4. Lakukan proses pengeringan, hal ini untuk mengingkatkan kualitas biodesel. Komponen air dikeringkan dengan cara pemanasan pada suhu 130°C selama 10 menit.
  5. Pada tahap terakhir biodesel akan melewati proses filtrasi/penyaringan mekanik untuk menghilangkan partikel dan molekul kotor, sehingga menghasilkan produk akhir dengan kualitas yang baik.

Baca juga

Kelapa sawit dinilai lebih ramah lingkungan daripada Bahan Bakar Minyak (BBM), karena BBM sendiri terbuat dari fosil yang merupakan sumber daya alam yang mengandung hidrokarbon seperti batu bara, minyak bumi dan gas alam. Dalam proses pembentukannya bahan bakar fosil membutuhkan waktu yang sangat lama bahkan berjuta-juta tahun. Selain itu, bahan bakar fosil juga tidak bisa diperbaharui.

Tahukan kamu? Dalam solar yang biasa kita gunakan sehari-hari terdapat kandungan minyak kelapa sawit sebanyak 20%  (B20), itu sebabnya disebut biosolar atau biodiesel.

Nah, jadi sudah terbukti ya jika minyak kelapa sawit ini lebih ramah lingkungan. Nikamati artikel makin tahu Indonesia khususnya di bidang lingkungan dan energi terbarukan di zonaebt.com. Nanti update terbaru artikel kami

Referensi

[1] Produksi Biodiesel Dari Minyak Kelapa Sawit Kasar Off Grade Dengan Variasi Pengaruh Asam Sulfat Pada Proses Esterifikasi Terhadap Mutu Biodiesel Yang Dihasilkan

[2] Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit Industri Strategis Energi Terbarukan Yang Berkelanjutan

[3] Cara Kerja: Produksi Biodiesel

[4] Masyarakat Bisa Bangga, Minyak Sawit Jadikan Indonesia Produsen Nomor Satu Energi Terbarukan Biodiesel

[5] Biodiesel Dari Minyak Kelapa Sawit

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