![](https://zonaebt.com/wp-content/uploads/laut-indonesia.jpg)
- Pasir laut merupakan komoditas yang rentan akan ekspor ilegal
- Ekspor pasir laut sudah dihentikan sejak era Megawati, akan tetapi kembali dilakukan pada akhir pemerintahan Jokowi
- Akibatnya biota laut terancam punah, bahkan ratusan pulau terancam tenggelam
Pasir merupakan salah satu komoditas laut yang harga jualnya mencapai $2,23 Miliar. Melihat fakta lapangan, pasir laut adalah komoditas yang sangat rentan akan ekspor ilegal. Namun, pemerintah malah melegalkan ekspor pasir laut ke negara-negara tetangga seperti Singapura. Pasir laut merupakan bahan galian yang terletak di perairan dan tidak mengandung mineral A atau B.
Perbincangan mengenai aktivitas yang seharusnya ilelgal ini kembali mencuri perhatian masyarakat, pasalnya kegiatan yang banyak merugikan masyarakat dan lingkungan ini malah diperbolehkan oleh pemerintah. Padahal, aktivitas tersebut sudah diberhentikan sejak 20 tahun yang lalu karena mengakibatkan lingkungan menjadi rusak bahkan menyebabkan hilangnya pulau-pulau di Indonesia. Mengapa hal ini bisa terjadi ya Sobat EBT Heroes?
Persetujuan Jokowi Terkait Ekspor Pasir Laut
![](https://zonaebt.com/wp-content/uploads/ekonomi.bisnis.jpg)
Joko Widodo, sebagai presiden Republik Indonesia mulai menerbitkan peraturan baru yang diumumkan pada 15 Mei 2023. Peraturan tersebut dituangkan dalam PP Nomor 26 Tahun 2023 tentang Pengelolaan Hasil Sedimentasi Laut. Peraturan tersebut merupakan salah satu upaya komprehensif untuk merencanakan, mengendalikan, memanfaatkan, dan memantau sedimen laut. Salah satu ketentuan yang menggemparkan masyarakat yaitu diperbolehkannya aktivitas ilegal ini ke luar negeri yang termaktub dalam Pasal 9 Bab IV butir 2.
Peraturan Pemerintah Pasal 9(d) dengan jelas menyatakan bahwa ekspor diperbolehkan apabila dapat memenuhi kebutuhan dalam negeri dan memenuhi persyaratan hukum. Namun Sobat EBT Heroes harus tahu bahwa jauh sebelum kasus ini muncul, telah ada kasus serupa di era Megawati. Saat itu Indonesia merupakan salah satu negara utama pemasok pasir laut bagi Singapura.
Baca Juga
- Energi Hidro: Potensi Tersembunyi Sungai dan Laut
- Mengintip Proses Manufaktur Panel Surya, Benarkah dari Pasir?
Setelah Megawati melihat bahwa ekspor pasir laut sangat merugikan Indonesia, akhirnya aktivitas tersebut diberhentikan. Aktivitas tersebut dilarang dengan keluarnya keputusan Menteri Perindustrian dan Perdagangan No. 117. Kegiatan ini sangat berdampak terhadap lingkungan, dampak buruk yang dihasilkannya ini antara lain yaitu rusaknya lingkungan. Pantai banyak yang mengalami abrasi, bahkan pulau kecil seperti Nipah di Batam terancam hilang. Setelah Megawati lengser, peraturan tersebut sama sekali tidak pernah digubah hingga akhirnya peraturan tersebut dihentikan oleh Joko Widodo.
Ekspor Pasir Laut Banyak Ruginya?
![ekspor pasir laut](https://zonaebt.com/wp-content/uploads/biota-laut.jpg)
Kegiatan ini bukanlah hal baru bagi Indonesia. Sejak dulu tahun 1997-2002, Singapura merupakan pelanggan setia Indonesia dalam mitra perdagangan pasir laut. Setiap tahunnya, Indonesia mengirimkan lebih dari 53 juta ton pasir laut. Besarnya dampak negatif tersebut membuat Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup sepakat untuk menghentikan aktivitas tersebut.
Setelah penghentian aktivitas tersebut, pemerintah membuat keputusan pelarangan sementara ekspor barang dengan kode HS 2505.90.000 tertanggal 18 Februari 2002 guna mencegah kerusakan lingkungan akibat kegiatan niaga yang belum terkendalikan dengan baik. Aktivitas ini menghadapi risiko negatif yang lebih besar dibandingkan dengan dampak positifnya. Hal yang perlu diperhatikan disini adalah sektor lingkungan, reklamasi pasir laut memberikan resiko besar karena pasir yang diambil bukan pasir hasil segmentasi tetapi pasir yang berasal dari pulau.
Susi Pudjiastuti mengatakan bahwa perubahan iklim telah dapat dirasakan. Perubahan tersebut akan berdampak pada lingkungan dan masyarakat. Oleh karena itu, ia menegaskan agar situasi jangan diperparah oleh pengerukan pasir laut. Seperti yang Sobat EBT Heroes ketahui bahwa ekosistem laut merupakan penopang utama bagi kehidupan di darat. Lautan dapat menghasilkan 70% oksigen untuk kebutuhan hidup di muka bumi. Lebih dari satu miliar orang bergantung pada kelestarian pantai dan lautan. Meskipun dampak yang dihasilkan tidak datang secara langsung, tetap saja aktivitas ini hanya akan merugikan kehidupan pesisir dan bawah laut.
Baca Juga
Kepunahan biota laut mengancam ketidakstabilan ekosistem bawah laut. Ekosistem lingkungan yang tidak sehat mengakibatkan banyak hewan lain seperti ikan menurun populasinya. Turunnya populasi ikan akan berpengaruh terhadap pendapatan para nelayan dan masyarakat lain disekitar pantai.
Selain itu, aktivitas ini mengakibatkan pulau yang ada di Indonesia tenggelam karena adanya abrasi terus menerus. Pasir yang seharusnya dapat menopang abrasi, dikeruk terus menerus oleh oknum yang tidak bertanggungjawab. Bahkan badan riset sudah mencatat, hingga saat ini jumlah pulau di Indonesia yang terancam tenggelam ada 115 pulau.
Pengerukan pasir laut hanya dapat membuat air laut yang pada awalnya jernih menjadi keruh. Bukan hanya hasil tangkapan nelayan yang berubah. Beberapa biota laut seperti siput, kepiting, dan udang yang pergerakannya tidak secepat ikan, akan ikut terkeruk bersama dengan pasir pantai. Pengerukan pasir laut yang dilakukan secara terus-menerus akan berakibat fatal hingga dapat menimbulkan perubahan pada pola arus dan gelombang.
Ekspor Pasir Laut: Sarana Perluasan Negara Tetangga?
![ekspor pasir laut](https://zonaebt.com/wp-content/uploads/singapore-pantai.-zonaebt.jpg)
Sebenarnya, kegiatan ilegal ini telah dihentikan sejak 20 tahun silam. Pelarangan telah tercantum dalam SK Menperindag No 117/MPP/Kep/2/2003 tentang Penghentian Sementara Ekspor Pasir Laut. Hal yang melatarbelakangi adanya pelarangan tersebut yaitu tenggelamnya kepulauan terluar batas wilayah Indonesia tepatnya di Kepulauan Riau akibat kegiatan tersebut.
Bahkan Singapura mendapatkan bahan baku untuk proyek reklamasinya dari Indonesia. Pasir laut yang diekspor pada saat itu diambil dari perairan Riau. Adanya kegiatan ini dikhawatirkan akan mempengaruhi batas wilayah antara Singapura dengan Indonesia. Kegiatan ini juga dinilai sebagai sarana untuk memperluas negara tetangga. Bagaimana tidak? Volume ekspor pasir ke Singapura mencapai sekitar 250 juta meter kubik setiap tahunnya.
Pasir laut hanya dijual dengan $1,3 Singapura setiap meter kubik. Hal ini tentunya dapat meningkatkan luas wilayah Singapura. Singapura sendiri tentunya memiliki keuntungan yang sangat besar, dengan adanya ekspor pasir, Singapura dapat membeli pasir laut kemudian memperluas wilayah negaranya dan juga memperluas batas landas kontinen negaranya.
Permasalahan ini tentu saja harus disikapi secara hati-hati oleh pemerintah Indonesia. Melihat luasnya kerusakan yang terjadi dapat berpotensi menjadi ancaman bagi kelestarian lingkungan Indonesia. Indonesia tidak memiliki peraturan khusus bagi penambangan pasir laut yang sangat berpengaruh terhadap rusaknya lingkungan. Oleh karena itu, batasan mengenai ekspor pasir laut ini perlu ditentukan.
#zonaebt #sebarterbarukan #ebtheroes
Editor: Annisa Nur Fissilmi Kaffah
Referensi:
[1] Jokowi Izinkan Ekspor Pasir Laut, Susi Minta Dibatalkan
[2] Membedah Aturan Jokowi yang Izinkan Ekspor Pasir Laut
[3] Martin Manurung: Kebijakan Ekspor Pasir Laut Lebih Banyak Risiko Negatif
[4] Akal-akalan oligarki dengan izinkan ekspor pasir laut lagi
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