- Urbanization refers to a process in which an increasing proportion of society lives in a cities and suburbs of cities
- Air pollution is one of the significant problems of urbanization
- Harmful emissions of gas and smoke from factories and vehicles cause air pollution
Urbanization increases the proportion of people living in towns and cities. Lack of opportunities for gainful employment in villages and the ecological stresses lead to an ever-increasing movement of low-income families to cities. Urbanization refers to a general increase in population and industrialization of a settlement. It includes an increase in the number and extent of cities. It symbolizes the movement of people from rural to urban areas.
Urbanization occurs because people move from rural areas to urban areas, and this usually happens when the country is still developing. Rural to urban migration is happening on a massive scale due to population pressure and lack of resources in rural areas. Much of urban migration is driven by rural populations’ desire for the advantages that urban areas offer. Urban benefits include more excellent opportunities to receive education, health care, and services such as entertainment. Therefore, a country is considered urbanized if 50% of its population lives in urban areas.
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Another environmental issue caused by urbanization is water pollution. Natural water supplies such as lakes, rivers, groundwater, and oceans are contaminated by runoff from factories, farmlands, chemical spills, raw sewage, industrial waste, and household waste that may end up getting mixed with water resources. Factories have been discharging untreated waste, including chemicals and heavy metals, directly into our bodies, killing marine life.
Moreover, living in noisy environments can have far-reaching health consequences, as many of us are aware. Apart from the immediate effects of noise pollution such as irritation and loss of peace, it can also cause problems like headaches, insomnia, and temporary or permanent hearing loss and disrupt the quality of life in affected areas.
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The rapid increase in urban population will make it difficult for the city’s carrying capacity so that urbanization can have an impact on the emergence of several problems in urban areas.
Editor : Bunga Pertiwi
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