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7 Fakta PLTA yang Dimiliki Oleh BUMN INALUM (Persero)

  • Salah satu PLTA terbesar di Indonesia berada di Sungai Asahan Sumatera Utara
  • BUMN INALUM (Persero) Memiliki dua PLTA salah satu terbesar di Indonesia 
  • PLTA Siguragura dan Tangga mampu hasilkan listrik dari energi bersih sebesar 603 MW

Bagi generasi 80’an dan 90’an tentu tidak asing dengan pecahan uang kertas 100 rupiah yang dirilis oleh Bank Indonesia pada tahun 1984. Apa itu? sebuah uang kertas yang memiliki gambar burung Dara Mahkota dan bendungan Tangga yang dikelola oleh PT Indonesia Asahan Aluminium (Persero) di Kabupaten Asahan, Sumatera Utara.  

Saat ini keberadaan uang pecahan 100 rupiah tersebut sudah ditarik peredarannya. Tetapi Bendungan yang menjadi icon gambar tersebut, masih kokoh berdiri menjadi salah sumber pembangkit listrik tenaga air (PLTA).

EBT Heroes pasti bertanya-tanya, apa itu pembangkit listrik tenaga air (PLTA)?. Tenang, zonaebt.com akan beri informasinya. PLTA merupakan singkatan dari pembangkit listrik tenaga air, dimana sistemnya tersebut mengubah air menjadi energi listrik. Air dialirkan untuk memutar turbin generator lalu akan menghasilkan energi berupa listrik. Secara sederhana seperti itu ya.

Karena terlalu panjang, pembangkit listrik tenaga air kita singkat dengan PLTA saja yuk

PLTA Siguraguara dan Tangga merupakan unit bisnis dari BUMN PT INALUM (Persero). Jika EBT Heroes pada tidak tahu apa itu BUMN?

BUMN atau Badan Usaha Milik Negara adalah Dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 19 Tahun 2003, Badan Usaha Milik Negara atau BUMN adalah badan usaha yang sebagian besar modalnya dimiliki oleh negara melalui penyertaan secara langsung, dan berasal dari kekayaan negara yang dipisahkan.

Sekarang sudah mengerti apa itu PLTA dan BUMN. Sekarang yuk simak dibawah ini. 7 Fakta PLTA tertua di Indonesia yang dimiliki oleh BUMN

  1. PLTA yang terletak di area Danau Toba 

Dua PLTA Siguragura dan Tangga terletak di Desa Paritohan, Kabupaten Toba Samosir, Provinsi Sumatera Utara. Sumber air sepenuhnya menggunakan air sungai Asahan yang berasal dari Danau Toba.

  1. Terdapat 3 Bendungan sepanjang sungai Asahan 

Pertama Bendungan Pengatur Siruar: Bendungan ini berfungsi sebagai pengatur (Regulating Dam) yang terletak di Siruar, kurang lebih 14,5 km dari danau Toba. Bendungan ini berfungsi sebagai pengatur permukaan air danau Toba dan kestabilan air keluar dari danau Toba mengalir ke sungai Asahan. Dalam keterangan situs resmi inalum.id tipe bendungan ini adalah beton memiliki ketinggian 39 meter.

Kedua Bendungan Siguragura: Bendungan Penadah Air (Siguragura intake dam) yang terletak di Simorea dan berfungsi sebagai sumber air pembangkit listrik PLTA Siguragura. Tipe bendungan ini adalah beton dengan ketinggian mencapai 47 meter.

Ketiga Bendungan Tangga: Sama seperti bendungan Siguragura, Bendungan Tangga juga sebagai Penadah Air (Tangga Intake Dam). Berfungsi sebagai pembendung air yang telah dipakai oleh PLTA Siguragura untuk dimanfaatkan kembali oleh PLTA Tangga. Bendungan ini merupakan bendungan busur pertama di Indonesia. Memiliki ketinggian mencapai 82 meter dan struktur beton Bendungan Tangga kokoh berdiri. 

Agar tidak bingung, terdapat dua PLTA dan tiga bendungan di sepanjang aliran sungai Asahan. 

  1. Total listrik dari energi bersih mencapai 603 MW

PLTA Siguragura, yang memiliki kapasitas daya sebesar 286 MW. Uniknya pembangkit Siguragura terletak di kedalaman 200m dan merupakan PLTA bawah tanah pertama di Indonesia. Terdapat empat lantai bawah tanah yang dilengkapi empat unit generator. 

Sedangkan untuk PLTA Tangga memiliki total kapasitas sebesar 317 MW dengan empat unit generator.  Mampu menahan debit air sebesar 119,9 meter kubik per detik. Memiliki bentuk cekung yang disebut busur. Hal ini menobatkan PLTA Tangga bendungan tipe busur pertama di Indonesia. 

Selanjutnya, tenaga listrik yang dihasilkan oleh PLTA Siguragura dan Tangga disalurkan melalui jaringan transmisi sepanjang 120 km. Bentangan menara sebanyak 271 buah dan tegangan 275 KV membawa listrik ke Kuala Tanjung. 

  1. Beroperasi sejak tahun 40 tahun yang lalu

PLTA Siguragura dibangun sejak 1978 dan mulai beroperasi pada tahun 1981. Hingga kini usianya genap sudah berumur 40 tahun. Turbin-turbin yang digunakan dalam operasional PLTA menggunakan produk buatan Jepang seperti Hitachi dan generatornya dari Mitsubishi. 

  1. konsorsium Indonesia dan perusahaan jepang 

Seperti diketahui sebelumnya, bahwa Inalum sebagai perusahaan yang mengelola PLTA Siguragura dan Tangga. Merupakan perusahaan patungan antara pemerintah RI dengan Jepang dimulai dari tahun 1982. Sekarang kontrak tersebut sudah berakhir pada tahun 2013 lalu. Indonesia lewat BUMN secara resmi memiliki 100% saham perusahaan Inalum tersebut. 

PT Indonesia Asahan Aluminium (INALUM) dalam sejarahnya merupakan perusahaan patungan antara pemerintah RI dan Jepang. Perbandingan saham antara pemerintah Indonesia dengan Nippon Asahan Aluminium Co., Ltd, pada saat perusahaan didirikan adalah 10% dengan 90%. Pada bulan Oktober 1978 perbandingan tersebut menjadi 25% dengan 75% dan sejak Juni 1987 menjadi 41,13% dengan 58,87% dan sejak 10 Februari 1998 menjadi 41,12% dengan 58,88%.

Lebih rinci lagi, terdapat 12 perusahaan asal Jepang ikut serta menjadi bagian dari Nippon Asahan Aluminium Co., Ltd. kedua belas perusahaan tersebut adalah Sumitomo Chemical Company Ltd., Sumitomo Shoji Kaisha Ltd., Nippon Light Metal Company Ltd., C Itoh & Co., Ltd., Nissho Iwai Co., Ltd., Nichimen Co., Ltd., Showa Denko K.K., Marubeni Corporation, Mitsubishi Chemical Industries Ltd., Mitsubishi Corporation, Mitsui Aluminium Co., Ltd., Mitsui & Co., Ltd.

  1. Membutuhkan investasi sebesar 411 miliar Yen 

Pemerintah Indonesia dan Nippon Asahan Aluminium (NAA) Jepang dengan komposisi saham 41,12 persen dan 58,8 persen. Menyetorkan dana untuk proyek tersebut sebesar 411 miliar Yen (sekitar 2 miliar dollar AS) di tahun 1978. Sebuah mega proyek pada masa itu, untuk membangun PLTA dan juga peleburan aluminium. 

  1. 2013 babak baru PLTA Siguragura dan Tangga, menjadi bagian dari BUMN

Bertepatan dengan berakhirnya perjanjian antara Pemerintah RI dan juga Jepang. Secara resmi INALUM yang membawahi dua PLTA tersebut secara resmi menjadi BUMN pada tanggal 19 Desember 2013. Hal itu setelah pemerintah RI mengambil alih semua saham yang dimiliki oleh pemerintah Jepang. 

Kembalinya INALUM dan juga PLTA Siguragura dan Tangga, ke pangkuan pemerintah RI. Menjadi titik balik, bahwa kita Indonesia mampu untuk mengelola secara mandiri sumberdaya alam yang kita punya. 

Semoga dengan artikel ini, ebt heroes mendapatkan wawasan baru. Bahwa ini Indonesia kaya dan kita bisa kelola!

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