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Apa Pengaruh Iradiasi Terhadap Panel Surya?

  • Pengaruh teriknya sinar matahari terhadap panel surya.
  • Perbandingan pengaruh suhu pada dua jenis panel surya.

Panel surya merupakan sebuah panel yang mampu mengubah energi matahari menjadi energi listrik. Semakin tinggi intensitas energi matahari (iradiasi) yang mengenai panel surya, daya listrik yang dihasilkan oleh panel juga akan semakin tinggi. Namun, apakah baik jika sebuah panel surya menyerap intensitas iradiasi yang cukup banyak secara terus-menerus?

Setiap tahunnya kurang lebih terdapat 3,9×1024 Joule energi matahari yang sampai di permukaan bumi. Di Indonesia sendiri mempunyai potensi energi matahari yang cukup baik dengan isolasi harian rata-rata sebesar 4,5-4,8 kWh/m2. Saat kondisi siang hari yang cerah radiasi sinar matahari mampu mencapai 1000 W/m2.

Proses konversi matahari pada sebuah panel surya, selain dipengaruhi oleh iradiasinya juga dipengaruhi oleh efisiensi yang dimiliki oleh panel tersebut. Efisiensi ini didefinisikan sebaai perbandingan antara daya listrik yang mampu dikonversi oleh panel surya terhadap jumlah energi matahari yang terpancar ke permukaan panel.

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Pabrik Panel Surya Dikawasan Industri Hijau

Penelitian yang dilakukan oleh (Makkulau, et al., 2021) diperoleh bahwa semakin besar iradiasi yang terpancar ke panel tersebut, maka semakin besar juga arus keluaran yang dihasilkan oleh panel surya. Arus keluaran terbesar yang dihasilkan oleh panel sebesar 0,16 A dengan iradiasi sebesar 357 W/m2.

Penelitian tersebut dilakukan dengan menggunakan panel surya tipe polycrystalline dengan daya maksimum yang mampu dibangkitkan sebesar 100 Wp yang terpasang pada sudut 35˚ dan diamati selama 40 hari dan dicatat setiap 10 menit dalam range waktu 8 jam perhari.

Selain itu, penelitian yang dilakukan oleh (Suryana & Ali, 2016) diperoleh bahwa tegangan tegangan listrik yang dihasilkan  oleh panel surya tidak hanya bergantung pada iradiasi sinar matahari, tetapi juga pada kenaikan temperatur permukaan panel surya.

Penelitian tersebut dilakukan dengan menggunakan panel surya tipe monocrystalline dengan daya maksimum yang mampu dibangkitkan sebesar 100 Wp dan diamati dari September 2015 hingga April 2016 selama 8 jam per harinya.

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Pahami Jenis Panel Purya Berdasarkan Materialnya

Dalam penelitian (Suryana & Ali, 2016) juga disebutkan bahwa semakin tinggi temperatur sekitar panel surya, tegangan listrik yang dihasilkan panel semakin berkurang.

Berdasarkan dua penelitian tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa saat panel surya panas, arus dan tegangan akan berubah. Jika arus dan tegangan berubah maka daya keluaran yang dihasilkan oleh panel juga akan berubah.

Terlebih lagi jika arus keluaran yang dihasilkan oleh panel meningkat, maka suhu panel juga turut meningkat karena modul surya tidak mampu sepenuhnya mengubah energi cahaya menjadi energi listrik. Sebagian energi listrik tersebut hilang dalam bentuk panas.

Jadi, jika semakin besar energi matahari yang terpancar ke panel surya dan panel menghasilkan daya keluaran yang kecil, maka efisiensi panel surya tersebut juga menurun. Hal ini berarti jika panel terus menerus terkena sinar matahari yang terik akan menurunkan efisiensi panel tersebut.

Zonaebt.com

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#zonaebt #energisurya #panelsurya #iradiasimatahari #efisiensi

Editor: Riana Nurhasanah

Referensi:

Makkulau, A., Samsurizal, M. F. & Christiono, 2021. Pengaruh Intensitas Matahari Terhadap Karakteristik Sel Surya Jenis Polycristaline Menggunakan Regresi Linear. KILAT, 10(1), pp. 69-76.

Suryana, D. & Ali, M. M., 2016. Pengaruh Temperatur / Suhu Terhadap Tegangan Yang Dihasilkan Panel Surya Jenis Monokristalin (Studi Kasus: Baristand Industri Surabaya). Jurnal Teknologi Proses dan Inovasi Industri, 2(1), pp. 49-52.

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